@section occt_modalg_1 Introduction
-@subsection occt_modalg_1_1 The Modeling Algorithms Module
-
-
-This manual explains how to use the Modeling Algorithms. It provides basic documentation on modeling algorithms. For advanced information on Modeling Algorithms, see our offerings on our web site at <a href="http://www.opencascade.org/support/training/">www.opencascade.org/support/training/</a>
+This manual explains how to use the Modeling Algorithms. It provides basic documentation on modeling algorithms. For advanced information on Modeling Algorithms, see our <a href="http://www.opencascade.com/content/tutorial-learning">E-learning & Training</a> offerings.
The Modeling Algorithms module brings together a wide range of topological algorithms used in modeling. Along with these tools, you will find the geometric algorithms, which they call.
-The algorithms available are divided into:
- * Geometric tools
- * Topological tools
- * The Topology API
-
-@subsection occt_modalg_1_2 The Topology API
-
-The Topology API of Open CASCADE Technology (**OCCT**) includes the following six packages:
-
- * BRepAlgoAPI
- * BRepBuilderAPI
- * BRepFilletAPI
- * BRepFeat
- * BRepOffsetAPI
- * BRepPrimAPI
-
-The classes in these six packages provide the user with a simple and powerful interface.
- * A simple interface: a function call works ideally,
- * A powerful interface: including error handling and access to extra information provided by the algorithms.
-
-As an example, the class BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge can be used to create a linear edge from two points.
-
-~~~~~
-gp_Pnt P1(10,0,0), P2(20,0,0);
-TopoDS_Edge E = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(P1,P2);
-~~~~~
-
-This is the simplest way to create edge E from two points P1, P2, but the developer can test for errors when he is not as confident of the data as in the previous example.
-
-~~~~~
-#include <gp_Pnt.hxx>
-#include <TopoDS_Edge.hxx>
-#include <BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge.hxx>
-void EdgeTest()
-{
-gp_Pnt P1;
-gp_Pnt P2;
-BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
-if (!ME.IsDone())
-{
-// doing ME.Edge() or E = ME here
-// would raise StdFail_NotDone
-Standard_DomainError::Raise
-(“ProcessPoints::Failed to createan edge”);
-}
-TopoDS_Edge E = ME;
-}
-~~~~~
-
-In this example an intermediary object ME has been introduced. This can be tested for the completion of the function before accessing the result. More information on **error handling** in the topology programming interface can be found in the next section.
-
-BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge provides valuable information. For example, when creating an edge from two points, two vertices have to be created from the points. Sometimes you may be interested in getting these vertices quickly without exploring the new edge. Such information can be provided when using a class. The following example shows a function creating an edge and two vertices from two points.
-
-~~~~~
-void MakeEdgeAndVertices(const gp_Pnt& P1,
-const gp_Pnt& P2,
-TopoDS_Edge& E,
-TopoDS_Vertex& V1,
-TopoDS_Vertex& V2)
-{
-BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
-if (!ME.IsDone()) {
-Standard_DomainError::Raise
-(“MakeEdgeAndVerices::Failed to create an edge”);
-}
-E = ME;
-V1 = ME.Vextex1();
-V2 = ME.Vertex2();
-~~~~~
-
-The BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge class provides the two methods Vertex1 and Vertex2, which return the two vertices used to create the edge.
-
-How can BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge be both a function and a class? It can do this because it uses the casting capabilities of C++. The BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge class has a method called Edge; in the previous example the line E = ME could have been written.
-
-~~~~~
-E = ME.Edge();
-~~~~~
-
-This instruction tells the C++ compiler that there is an **implicit casting** of a *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* into a *TopoDS_Edge* using the *Edge* method. It means this method is automatically called when a *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* is found where a *TopoDS_Edge* is required.
-
-This feature allows you to provide classes, which have the simplicity of function calls when required and the power of classes when advanced processing is necessary. All the benefits of this approach are explained when describing the topology programming interface classes.
-
-
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_1_2_1 Error Handling in the Topology API
-
-A method can report an error in the two following situations:
- * The data or arguments of the method are incorrect, i.e. they do not respect the restrictions specified by the methods in its specifications. Typical example: creating a linear edge from two identical points is likely to lead to a zero divide when computing the direction of the line.
- * Something unexpected happened. This situation covers every error not included in the first category. Including: interruption, programming errors in the method or in another method called by the first method, bad specifications of the arguments (i.e. a set of arguments that was not expected to fail).
-
-The second situation is supposed to become increasingly exceptional as a system is debugged and it is handled by the **exception mechanism**. Using exceptions avoids handling error statuses in the call to a method: a very cumbersome style of programming.
-
-In the first situation, an exception is also supposed to be raised because the calling method should have verified the arguments and if it did not do so, there is a bug. For example if before calling *MakeEdge* you are not sure that the two points are non-identical, this situation must be tested.
-
-Making those validity checks on the arguments can be tedious to program and frustrating as you have probably correctly surmised that the method will perform the test twice. It does not trust you.
-As the test involves a great deal of computation, performing it twice is also time-consuming.
-
-Consequently, you might be tempted to adopt the highly inadvisable style of programming illustrated in the following example:
-
-~~~~~
-#include <Standard_ErrorHandler.hxx>
-try {
-TopoDS_Edge E = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(P1,P2);
-// go on with the edge
-}
-catch {
-// process the error.
-}
-~~~~~
-
-To help the user, the Topology API classes only raise the exception *StdFail_NotDone*. Any other exception means that something happened which was unforeseen in the design of this API.
-
-The *NotDone* exception is only raised when the user tries to access the result of the computation and the original data is corrupted. At the construction of the class instance, if the algorithm cannot be completed, the internal flag *NotDone* is set. This flag can be tested and in some situations a more complete description of the error can be queried. If the user ignores the *NotDone* status and tries to access the result, an exception is raised.
-
-~~~~~
-BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
-if (!ME.IsDone()) {
-// doing ME.Edge() or E = ME here
-// would raise StdFail_NotDone
-Standard_DomainError::Raise
-(“ProcessPoints::Failed to create an edge”);
-}
-TopoDS_Edge E = ME;
-~~~~~
-
@section occt_modalg_2 Geometric Tools
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_1 Overview
-
-Open CASCADE Technology geometric tools include:
-
- * Computation of intersections
- * Interpolation laws
- * Computation of curves and surfaces from constraints
- * Computation of lines and circles from constraints
- * Projections
-
+Open CASCADE Technology geometric tools provide algorithms to:
+ * Calculate the intersection of two 2D curves, surfaces, or a 3D curve and a surface;
+ * Project points onto 2D and 3D curves, points onto surfaces, and 3D curves onto surfaces;
+ * Construct lines and circles from constraints;
+ * Construct curves and surfaces from constraints;
+ * Construct curves and surfaces by interpolation.
+
@subsection occt_modalg_2_2 Intersections
+The Intersections component is used to compute intersections between 2D or 3D geometrical objects:
+ * the intersections between two 2D curves;
+ * the self-intersections of a 2D curve;
+ * the intersection between a 3D curve and a surface;
+ * the intersection between two surfaces.
+
The *Geom2dAPI_InterCurveCurve* class allows the evaluation of the intersection points (*gp_Pnt2d*) between two geometric curves (*Geom2d_Curve*) and the evaluation of the points of self-intersection of a curve.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image003.png "Intersection and self-intersection of curves"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image003.png "Intersection and self-intersection of curves"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image003.png,"Intersection and self-intersection of curves",420}
In both cases, the algorithm requires a value for the tolerance (Standard_Real) for the confusion between two points. The default tolerance value used in all constructors is *1.0e-6.*
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image004.png "Intersection and tangent intersection"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image004.png "Intersection and tangent intersection"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image004.png,"Intersection and tangent intersection",420}
The algorithm returns a point in the case of an intersection and a segment in the case of tangent intersection.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_2_1 Geom2dAPI_InterCurveCurve
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_2_1 Intersection of two curves
-This class may be instantiated either for intersection of curves C1 and C2.
+*Geom2dAPI_InterCurveCurve* class may be instantiated for intersection of curves *C1* and *C2*.
~~~~~
Geom2dAPI_InterCurveCurve Intersector(C1,C2,tolerance);
~~~~~
-or for self-intersection of curve C3.
+or for self-intersection of curve *C3*.
~~~~~
Geom2dAPI_InterCurveCurve Intersector(C3,tolerance);
~~~~~
// if self-intersection of a curve
~~~~~
-If you need access to a wider range of functionalities the following method will return the algorithmic object for the calculation of intersections:
+If you need access to a wider range of functionalities the following method will return the algorithmic object for the calculation of intersections:
~~~~~
Geom2dInt_GInter& TheIntersector = Intersector.Intersector();
~~~~~
@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_2_2 Intersection of Curves and Surfaces
+
The *GeomAPI_IntCS* class is used to compute the intersection points between a curve and a surface.
This class is instantiated as follows:
~~~~~
Where *Index* is an integer between 1 and *nb*, calls the intersection curves.
+
@subsection occt_modalg_2_3 Interpolations
-*Interpolation* provides functionalities for interpolating BSpline curves, whether in 2D, using *Geom2dAPI_Interpolate*, or 3D using *GeomAPI_Interpolate*.
+The Interpolation Laws component provides definitions of functions: <i> y=f(x) </i>.
+
+In particular, it provides definitions of:
+ * a linear function,
+ * an <i> S </i> function, and
+ * an interpolation function for a range of values.
+
+Such functions can be used to define, for example, the evolution law of a fillet along the edge of a shape.
+
+The validity of the function built is never checked: the Law package does not know for what application or to what end the function will be used. In particular, if the function is used as the evolution law of a fillet, it is important that the function is always positive. The user must check this.
@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_3_1 Geom2dAPI_Interpolate
This class is used to interpolate a BSplineCurve passing through an array of points. If tangency is not requested at the point of interpolation, continuity will be *C2*. If tangency is requested at the point, continuity will be *C1*. If Periodicity is requested, the curve will be closed and the junction will be the first point given. The curve will then have a continuity of *C1* only.
@subsection occt_modalg_2_4 Lines and Circles from Constraints
-There are two packages to create lines and circles from constraints: *Geom2dGcc* and *GccAna*. *Geom2dGcc* deals with reference-handled geometric objects from the *Geom2d* package, while *GccAna* deals with value-handled geometric objects from the *gp* package.
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_4_1 Types of constraints
-The *Geom2dGcc* package solves geometric constructions of lines and circles expressed by constraints such as tangency or parallelism, that is, a constraint expressed in geometric terms. As a simple example the following figure shows a line which is constrained to pass through a point and be tangent to a circle.
+The algorithms for construction of 2D circles or lines can be described with numeric or geometric constraints in relation to other curves.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image005.png "A constrained line"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image005.png "A constrained line"
+These constraints can impose the following :
+ * the radius of a circle,
+ * the angle that a straight line makes with another straight line,
+ * the tangency of a straight line or circle in relation to a curve,
+ * the passage of a straight line or circle through a point,
+ * the circle with center in a point or curve.
-The *Geom2dGcc* package focuses on algorithms; it is useful for finding results, but it does not offer any management or modification functions, which could be applied to the constraints or their arguments. This package is designed to offer optimum performance, both in rapidity and precision. Trivial cases (for example, a circle centered on one point and passing through another) are not treated.
+For example, these algorithms enable to easily construct a circle of a given radius, centered on a straight line and tangential to another circle.
-The *Geom2dGcc* package deals only with 2d objects from the *Geom2d* package. These objects are the points, lines and circles available.
+The implemented algorithms are more complex than those provided by the Direct Constructions component for building 2D circles or lines.
-All other lines such as Bezier curves and conic sections except for circles are considered general curves and must be differentiable twice.
+The expression of a tangency problem generally leads to several results, according to the relative positions of the solution and the circles or straight lines in relation to which the tangency constraints are expressed. For example, consider the following
+case of a circle of a given radius (a small one) which is tangential to two secant circles C1 and C2:
-The *GccAna* package deals with points, lines, and circles from the *gp* package. Apart from constructors for lines and circles, it also allows the creation of conics from the bisection of other geometric objects.
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image058.png,"Example of a Tangency Constraint",360}
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_5 Provided algorithms
+This diagram clearly shows that there are 8 possible solutions.
-The following analytic algorithms using value-handled entities for creation of 2D lines or circles with geometric constraints are available:
+In order to limit the number of solutions, we can try to express the relative position
+of the required solution in relation to the circles to which it is tangential. For
+example, if we specify that the solution is inside the circle C1 and outside the
+circle C2, only two solutions referenced 3 and 4 on the diagram respond to the problem
+posed.
+These definitions are very easy to interpret on a circle, where it is easy to identify
+the interior and exterior sides. In fact, for any kind of curve the interior is defined
+as the left-hand side of the curve in relation to its orientation.
+
+This technique of qualification of a solution, in relation to the curves to which
+it is tangential, can be used in all algorithms for constructing a circle or a straight
+line by geometric constraints. Four qualifiers are used:
+ * **Enclosing** -- the solution(s) must enclose the argument;
+ * **Enclosed** -- the solution(s) must be enclosed by the argument;
+ * **Outside** -- the solution(s) and the argument must be external to one another;
+ * **Unqualified** -- the relative position is not qualified, i.e. all solutions apply.
+
+It is possible to create expressions using the qualifiers, for example:
+~~~~~
+GccAna_Circ2d2TanRad
+ Solver(GccEnt::Outside(C1),
+ GccEnt::Enclosing(C2), Rad, Tolerance);
+~~~~~
+
+This expression finds all circles of radius *Rad*, which are tangent to both circle *C1* and *C2*, while *C1* is outside and *C2* is inside.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_4_2 Available types of lines and circles
+
+The following analytic algorithms using value-handled entities for creation of 2D lines or circles with geometric constraints are available:
* circle tangent to three elements (lines, circles, curves, points),
* circle tangent to two elements and having a radius,
* circle tangent to two elements and centered on a third element,
* line tangent to one element and perpendicular to a line,
* line tangent to one element and forming angle with a line.
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_6 Types of algorithms
-There are three categories of available algorithms, which complement each other:
- * analytic,
- * geometric,
- * iterative.
-
-An analytic algorithm will solve a system of equations, whereas a geometric algorithm works with notions of parallelism, tangency, intersection and so on.
-
-Both methods can provide solutions. An iterative algorithm, however, seeks to refine an approximate solution.
-
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_7 Performance factors
-
-The appropriate algorithm is the one, which reaches a solution of the required accuracy in the least time. Only the solutions actually requested by the user should be calculated. A simple means to reduce the number of solutions is the notion of a "qualifier". There are four qualifiers, which are:
-
- * Unqualified: the position of the solution is undefined with respect to this argument.
- * Enclosing: the solution encompasses this argument.
- * Enclosed: the solution is encompassed by this argument.
- * Outside: the solution and argument are outside each other.
-
-
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_8 Conventions
-
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_8_1 Exterior/Interior
+#### Exterior/Interior
It is not hard to define the interior and exterior of a circle. As is shown in the following diagram, the exterior is indicated by the sense of the binormal, that is to say the right side according to the sense of traversing the circle. The left side is therefore the interior (or "material").
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image006.png "Exterior/Interior of a Circle"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image006.png "Exterior/Interior of a Circle"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image006.png,"Exterior/Interior of a Circle",220}
By extension, the interior of a line or any open curve is defined as the left side according to the passing direction, as shown in the following diagram:
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image007.png "Exterior/Interior of a Line and a Curve"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image007.png "Exterior/Interior of a Line and a Curve"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image007.png,"Exterior/Interior of a Line and a Curve",220}
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_8_2 Orientation of a Line
+#### Orientation of a Line
It is sometimes necessary to define in advance the sense of travel along a line to be created. This sense will be from first to second argument.
The following figure shows a line, which is first tangent to circle C1 which is interior to the line, and then passes through point P1.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image008.png "An Oriented Line"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image008.png "An Oriented Line"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image008.png,"An Oriented Line",220}
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_9 Examples
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_9_1 Line tangent to two circles
+#### Line tangent to two circles
The following four diagrams illustrate four cases of using qualifiers in the creation of a line. The fifth shows the solution if no qualifiers are given.
-
-Note that the qualifier "Outside" is used to mean "Mutually exterior".
+
**Example 1 Case 1**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image009.png "Both circles outside"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image009.png "Both circles outside"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image009.png,"Both circles outside",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Exterior to C1.
**Example 1 Case 2**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image010.png "Both circles enclosed"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image010.png "Both circles enclosed"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image010.png,"Both circles enclosed",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Including C1.
**Example 1 Case 3**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image011.png "C1 enclosed, C2 outside"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image011.png "C1 enclosed, C2 outside"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image011.png,"C1 enclosed and C2 outside",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Including C1.
-Tangent and Exterior to C2.
+Tangent and Exterior to C2.
Syntax:
~~~~~
**Example 1 Case 4**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image012.png "C1 outside, C2 enclosed"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image012.png "C1 outside, C2 enclosed"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image012.png,"C1 outside and C2 enclosed",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Exterior to C1.
Tangent and Including C2.
**Example 1 Case 5**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image013.png "With no qualifiers specified"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image013.png "With no qualifiers specified"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image013.png,"Without qualifiers",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Undefined with respect to C1.
Tolerance);
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_9_2 Circle of given radius tangent to two circles
+#### Circle of given radius tangent to two circles
The following four diagrams show the four cases in using qualifiers in the creation of a circle.
**Example 2 Case 1**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image014.png "Both solutions outside"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image014.png "Both solutions outside"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image014.png,"Both solutions outside",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Exterior to C1.
**Example 2 Case 2**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image015.png "C2 encompasses C1"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image015.png "C2 encompasses C1"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image015.png,"C2 encompasses C1",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Exterior to C1.
~~~~~
**Example 2 Case 3**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image016.png "Solutions enclose C2"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image016.png "Solutions enclose C2"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image016.png,"Solutions enclose C2",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Exterior to C1.
~~~~~
**Example 2 Case 4**
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image017.png "Solutions enclose C1"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image017.png "Solutions enclose C1"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image017.png,"Solutions enclose C1",220}
Constraints:
Tangent and Enclosing C1.
GccEnt::Unqualified(C2),
Rad,Tolerance);
~~~~~
-
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_10 Algorithms
-
-The objects created by this toolkit are non-persistent.
-
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_10_1 Qualifiers
-The *GccEnt* package contains the following package methods:
- * Unqualified,
- * Enclosing,
- * Enclosed,
- * Outside.
-
-This enables creation of expressions, for example:
-~~~~~
-GccAna_Circ2d2TanRad
- Solver(GccEnt::Outside(C1),
- GccEnt::Enclosing(C2), Rad, Tolerance);
-~~~~~
-
-The objective in this case is to find all circles of radius *Rad*, which are tangent to both circle *C1* and *C2*, C1 being outside and C2 being inside.
-
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_10_2 General Remarks about Algorithms
-
-We consider the following to be the case:
- * If a circle passes through a point then the circle is tangential to it.
- * A distinction is made between the trivial case of the center at a point and the complex case of the center on a line.
-
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_10_3 Analytic Algorithms
-*GccAna* package implements analytic algorithms. It deals only with points, lines, and circles from *gp* package. Here is a list of the services offered:
-
-#### Creation of a Line
-
-
-~~~~~
-Tangent ( point | circle ) & Parallel ( line )
-Tangent ( point | circle ) & Perpendicular ( line | circle )
-Tangent ( point | circle ) & Oblique ( line )
-Tangent ( 2 { point | circle } )
-Bisector( line | line )
-~~~~~
-
-#### Creation of Conics
-~~~~~
-Bisector ( point | point )
-Bisector ( line | point )
-Bisector ( circle | point )
-Bisector ( line | line )
-Bisector ( circle | line )
-Bisector ( circle | circle )
-~~~~~
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_4_3 Types of algorithms
-#### Creation of a Circle
+OCCT implements several categories of algorithms:
-~~~~~
-Tangent ( point | line | circle ) & Center ( point )
-Tangent ( 3 { point | line | circle } )
-Tangent ( 2 { point | line | circle } ) & Radius ( real )
-Tangent ( 2 { point | line | circle } ) & Center ( line | circle )
-Tangent ( point | line | circle ) & Center ( line | circle ) & Radius ( real )
-~~~~~
-
-For each algorithm, the tolerance (and angular tolerance if appropriate) is given as an argument. Calculation is done with the highest precision available from the hardware.
+* **Analytic** algorithms, where solutions are obtained by the resolution of an equation, such algorithms are used when the geometries which are worked on (tangency arguments, position of the center, etc.) are points, lines or circles;
+* **Geometric** algorithms, where the solution is generally obtained by calculating the intersection of parallel or bisecting curves built from geometric arguments;
+* **Iterative** algorithms, where the solution is obtained by a process of iteration.
+
+For each kind of geometric construction of a constrained line or circle, OCCT provides two types of access:
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_10_4 Geometric Algorithms
+ * algorithms from the package <i> Geom2dGcc </i> automatically select the algorithm best suited to the problem, both in the general case and in all types of specific cases; the used arguments are *Geom2d* objects, while the computed solutions are <i> gp </i> objects;
+ * algorithms from the package <i> GccAna</i> resolve the problem analytically, and can only be used when the geometries to be worked on are lines or circles; both the used arguments and the computed solutions are <i> gp </i> objects.
-*Geom2dGcc* package offers algorithms, which produce 2d lines or circles with geometric constraints. For arguments, it takes curves for which an approximate solution is not requested. A tolerance value on the result is given as a starting parameter. The following services are provided:
+The provided algorithms compute all solutions, which correspond to the stated geometric problem, unless the solution is found by an iterative algorithm.
-#### Creation of a Circle
+Iterative algorithms compute only one solution, closest to an initial position. They can be used in the following cases:
+ * to build a circle, when an argument is more complex than a line or a circle, and where the radius is not known or difficult to determine: this is the case for a circle tangential to three geometric elements, or tangential to two geometric elements and centered on a curve;
+ * to build a line, when a tangency argument is more complex than a line or a circle.
-~~~~~
-Tangent ( curve ) & Center ( point )
-Tangent ( curve , point | line | circle | curve ) & Radius ( real )
-Tangent ( 2 {point | line | circle} ) & Center ( curve )
-Tangent ( curve ) & Center ( line | circle | curve ) & Radius ( real )
-Tangent ( point | line | circle ) & Center ( curve ) & Radius ( real )
-~~~~~
+Qualified curves (for tangency arguments) are provided either by:
+ * the <i> GccEnt</i> package, for direct use by <i> GccAna</i> algorithms, or
+ * the <i> Geom2dGcc </i> package, for general use by <i> Geom2dGcc </i> algorithms.
-All calculations will be done to the highest precision available from the hardware.
+The <i> GccEnt</i> and <i> Geom2dGcc</i> packages also provide simple functions for building qualified curves in a very efficient way.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_10_5 Iterative Algorithms
-*Geom2dGcc* package offers iterative algorithms find a solution by refining an approximate solution. It produces 2d lines or circles with geometric constraints. For all geometric arguments except points, an approximate solution may be given as a starting parameter. The tolerance or angular tolerance value is given as an argument. The following services are provided:
+The <i> GccAna </i>package also provides algorithms for constructing bisecting loci between circles, lines or points. Bisecting loci between two geometric objects are such that each of their points is at the same distance from the two geometric objects. They
+are typically curves, such as circles, lines or conics for <i> GccAna</i> algorithms.
+Each elementary solution is given as an elementary bisecting locus object (line, circle, ellipse, hyperbola, parabola), described by the <i>GccInt</i> package.
-#### Creation of a Line
+Note: Curves used by <i>GccAna</i> algorithms to define the geometric problem to be solved, are 2D lines or circles from the <i> gp</i> package: they are not explicitly parameterized. However, these lines or circles retain an implicit parameterization, corresponding to that which they induce on equivalent Geom2d objects. This induced parameterization is the one used when returning parameter values on such curves, for instance with the functions <i> Tangency1, Tangency2, Tangency3, Intersection2</i> and <i> CenterOn3</i> provided by construction algorithms from the <i> GccAna </i> or <i> Geom2dGcc</i> packages.
-~~~~~
-Tangent ( curve ) & Oblique ( line )
-Tangent ( curve , { point | circle | curve } )
-~~~~~
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_5 Curves and Surfaces from Constraints
-#### Creation of a Circle
+The Curves and Surfaces from Constraints component groups together high level functions used in 2D and 3D geometry for:
+ * creation of faired and minimal variation 2D curves
+ * construction of ruled surfaces
+ * construction of pipe surfaces
+ * filling of surfaces
+ * construction of plate surfaces
+ * extension of a 3D curve or surface beyond its original bounds.
+
+OPEN CASCADE company also provides a product known as <a href="http://www.opencascade.com/content/surfaces-scattered-points">Surfaces from Scattered Points</a>, which allows constructing surfaces from scattered points. This algorithm accepts or constructs an initial B-Spline surface and looks for its deformation (finite elements method) which would satisfy the constraints. Using optimized computation methods, this algorithm is able to construct a surface from more than 500 000 points.
-~~~~~
-Tangent ( curve , 2 { point | circle | curve } )
-Tangent ( curve , { point | circle | curve } )
-& Center ( line | circle | curve )
-~~~~~
+SSP product is not supplied with Open CASCADE Technology, but can be purchased separately.
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_1 Curves and Surfaces from Constraints
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_5_1 Faired and Minimal Variation 2D Curves
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_1_1 Fair Curve
+Elastic beam curves have their origin in traditional methods of modeling applied
+in boat-building, where a long thin piece of wood, a lathe, was forced to pass
+between two sets of nails and in this way, take the form of a curve based on the
+two points, the directions of the forces applied at those points, and the properties
+of the wooden lathe itself.
-*FairCurve* package provides a set of classes to create faired 2D curves or 2D curves with minimal variation in curvature.
+Maintaining these constraints requires both longitudinal and transversal forces to
+be applied to the beam in order to compensate for its internal elasticity. The longitudinal
+forces can be a push or a pull and the beam may or may not be allowed to slide over
+these fixed points.
-#### Creation of Batten Curves
+#### Batten Curves
-The class Batten allows producing faired curves defined on the basis of one or more constraints on each of the two reference points. These include point, angle of tangency and curvature settings.
+The class *FairCurve_Batten* allows producing faired curves defined on the basis of one or more constraints on each of the two reference points. These include point, angle of tangency and curvature settings.
The following constraint orders are available:
* 0 the curve must pass through a point
Only 0 and 1 constraint orders are used.
The function Curve returns the result as a 2D BSpline curve.
-#### Creation of Minimal Variation Curves
+#### Minimal Variation Curves
-The class *MinimalVariation* allows producing curves with minimal variation in curvature at each reference point. The following constraint orders are available:
+The class *FairCurve_MinimalVariation* allows producing curves with minimal variation in curvature at each reference point. The following constraint orders are available:
* 0 the curve must pass through a point
* 1 the curve must pass through a point and have a given tangent
The function *Curve* returns the result as a 2D BSpline curve.
-#### Specifying the length of the curve
-
If you want to give a specific length to a batten curve, use:
~~~~~
~~~~~
where *b* is the name of the batten curve object
-#### Limitations
-
-Free sliding is generally more aesthetically pleasing than constrained sliding.
-However, the computation can fail with values such as angles greater than p/2, because in this case, the length is theoretically infinite.
+Free sliding is generally more aesthetically pleasing than constrained sliding. However, the computation can fail with values such as angles greater than *p/2* because in this case the length is theoretically infinite.
In other cases, when sliding is imposed and the sliding factor is too large, the batten can collapse.
-#### Computation Time
-
The constructor parameters, *Tolerance* and *NbIterations*, control how precise the computation is, and how long it will take.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_11_2 Surfaces from Boundary Curves
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_5_2 Ruled Surfaces
-The *GeomFill* package provides the following services for creating surfaces from boundary curves:
+A ruled surface is built by ruling a line along the length of two curves.
#### Creation of Bezier surfaces
-The class *BezierCurves* allows producing a Bezier surface from contiguous Bezier curves. Note that problems may occur with rational Bezier Curves.
+The class *GeomFill_BezierCurves* allows producing a Bezier surface from contiguous Bezier curves. Note that problems may occur with rational Bezier Curves.
#### Creation of BSpline surfaces
-The class *BSplineCurves* allows producing a BSpline surface from contiguous BSpline curves. Note that problems may occur with rational BSplines.
+The class *GeomFill_BSplineCurves* allows producing a BSpline surface from contiguous BSpline curves. Note that problems may occur with rational BSplines.
-#### Creation of a Pipe
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_5_3 Pipe Surfaces
+
+The class *GeomFill_Pipe* allows producing a pipe by sweeping a curve (the section) along another curve (the path). The result is a BSpline surface.
+
+The following types of construction are available:
+ * pipes with a circular section of constant radius,
+ * pipes with a constant section,
+ * pipes with a section evolving between two given curves.
+
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_5_4 Filling a contour
-The class *Pipe* allows producing a pipe by sweeping a curve (the section) along another curve (the path). The result is a BSpline surface.
+It is often convenient to create a surface from some curves, which will form the boundaries that define the new surface.
+This is done by the class *GeomFill_ConstrainedFilling*, which allows filling a contour defined by three or four curves as well as by tangency constraints. The resulting surface is a BSpline.
-#### Filling a contour
+A case in point is the intersection of two fillets at a corner. If the radius of the fillet on one edge is different from that of the fillet on another, it becomes impossible to sew together all the edges of the resulting surfaces. This leaves a gap in the overall surface of the object which you are constructing.
-The class *GeomFill_ConstrainedFilling* allows filling a contour defined by two, three or four curves as well as by tangency constraints. The resulting surface is a BSpline.
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image059.png,"Intersecting filleted edges with differing radiuses",220}
+
+These algorithms allow you to fill this gap from two, three or four curves. This can be done with or without constraints, and the resulting surface will be either a Bezier or a BSpline surface in one of a range of filling styles.
#### Creation of a Boundary
The enumerations *FillingStyle* specify the styles used to build the surface. These include:
- * *Stretch* - the style with the flattest patches
- * *Coons* - a rounded style with less depth than *Curved*
- * *Curved* - the style with the most rounded patches.
+ * *Stretch* -- the style with the flattest patches
+ * *Coons* -- a rounded style with less depth than *Curved*
+ * *Curved* -- the style with the most rounded patches.
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image018.png,"Intersecting filleted edges with different radii leave a gap filled by a surface",274}
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_5_5 Plate surfaces
+
+In CAD, it is often necessary to generate a surface which has no exact mathematical definition, but which is defined by respective constraints. These can be of a mathematical, a technical or an aesthetic order.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image018.png "Intersecting filleted edges with different radii leave a gap, is filled by a surface"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image018.png "Intersecting filleted edges with different radii leave a gap, is filled by a surface"
+Essentially, a plate surface is constructed by deforming a surface so that it conforms to a given number of curve or point constraints. In the figure below, you can see four segments of the outline of the plane, and a point which have been used as the
+curve constraints and the point constraint respectively. The resulting surface can be converted into a BSpline surface by using the function <i> MakeApprox </i>.
+The surface is built using a variational spline algorithm. It uses the principle of deformation of a thin plate by localised mechanical forces. If not already given in the input, an initial surface is calculated. This corresponds to the plate prior
+to deformation. Then, the algorithm is called to calculate the final surface. It looks for a solution satisfying constraints and minimizing energy input.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_11_3 Surfaces from curve and point constraints
-The *GeomPlate* package provides the following services for creating surfaces respecting curve and point constraints:
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image061.png,"Surface generated from two curves and a point",360}
+
+The package *GeomPlate* provides the following services for creating surfaces respecting curve and point constraints:
#### Definition of a Framework
The class *MakeApprox* allows converting a *GeomPlate* surface into a *Geom_BSplineSurface*.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image019.png "Surface generated from four curves and a point"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image019.png "Surface generated from four curves and a point"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image060.png,"Surface generated from four curves and a point",360}
Let us create a Plate surface and approximate it from a polyline as a curve constraint and a point constraint
// create a face corresponding to the approximated Plate
Surface
Standard_Real Umin, Umax, Vmin, Vmax;
-PSurf-Bounds( Umin, Umax, Vmin, Vmax);
+PSurf->Bounds( Umin, Umax, Vmin, Vmax);
BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace MF(Surf,Umin, Umax, Vmin, Vmax);
~~~~~
-@subsection occt_modalg_2_12 Projections
-This package provides functionality for projecting points onto 2D and 3D curves and surfaces.
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_6 Projections
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_1 Projection of a Point onto a Curve
-*Geom2dAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve* allows calculation of all the normals projected from a point (*gp_Pnt2d*) onto a geometric curve (*Geom2d_Curve*). The calculation may be restricted to a given domain.
+Projections provide for computing the following:
+ * the projections of a 2D point onto a 2D curve
+ * the projections of a 3D point onto a 3D curve or surface
+ * the projection of a 3D curve onto a surface.
+ * the planar curve transposition from the 3D to the 2D parametric space of an underlying plane and v. s.
+ * the positioning of a 2D gp object in the 3D geometric space.
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_6_1 Projection of a 2D Point on a Curve
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image020.png "Normals from a point to a curve"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image020.png "Normals from a point to a curve"
+*Geom2dAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve* allows calculation of all normals projected from a point (*gp_Pnt2d*) onto a geometric curve (*Geom2d_Curve*). The calculation may be restricted to a given domain.
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image020.png,"Normals from a point to a curve",320}
-The curve does not have to be a *Geom2d_TrimmedCurve*. The algorithm will function with any
-class inheriting Geom2d_Curve.
+The curve does not have to be a *Geom2d_TrimmedCurve*. The algorithm will function with any class inheriting *Geom2d_Curve*.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_2 Geom2dAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve
-This class may be instantiated as in the following example:
+The class *Geom2dAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve* may be instantiated as in the following example:
~~~~~
gp_Pnt2d P;
Standard_Real D = Projector.LowerDistance();
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_3 Redefined operators
+#### Redefined operators
Some operators have been redefined to find the closest solution.
However, note that in this second case no intermediate *Geom2dAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve* object is created, and thus it is impossible to have access to other solution points.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_4 Access to lower-level functionalities
+#### Access to lower-level functionalities
If you want to use the wider range of functionalities available from the *Extrema* package, a call to the *Extrema()* method will return the algorithmic object for calculating extrema. For example:
Extrema_ExtPC2d& TheExtrema = Projector.Extrema();
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_5 GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_6_2 Projection of a 3D Point on a Curve
+
+The class *GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve* is instantiated as in the following example:
-This class is instantiated as in the following example:
~~~~~
gp_Pnt P;
Handle(Geom_BezierCurve) C =
new Geom_BezierCurve(args);
GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve Projector (P, C);
~~~~~
+
If you wish to restrict the search for normals to the given domain [U1,U2], use the following constructor:
+
~~~~~
GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnCurve Projector (P, C, U1, U2);
~~~~~
Extrema_ExtPC& TheExtrema = Projector.Extrema();
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_6 Projection of a Point on a Surface
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_6_3 Projection of a Point on a Surface
-*GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf* class allows calculation of all normals projected from a point from *gp_Pnt* onto a geometric surface from Geom_Surface.
+The class *GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf* allows calculation of all normals projected from a point from *gp_Pnt* onto a geometric surface from *Geom_Surface*.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image021.png "Projection of normals from a point to a surface"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image021.png "Projection of normals from a point to a surface"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image021.png,"Projection of normals from a point to a surface",360}
Note that the surface does not have to be of *Geom_RectangularTrimmedSurface* type.
-The algorithm will function with any class inheriting Geom_Surface.
+The algorithm will function with any class inheriting *Geom_Surface*.
*GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf* is instantiated as in the following example:
~~~~~
GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf Proj (P, S);
~~~~~
-To restrict the search for normals within the given rectangular domain [U1, U2, V1, V2], use the following constructor:
+To restrict the search for normals within the given rectangular domain [U1, U2, V1, V2], use the constructor <i>GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf Proj (P, S, U1, U2, V1, V2)</i>
-~~~~~
-GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf Proj (P, S, U1, U2, V1, V2);
-~~~~~
-
-The values of U1, U2, V1 and V2 lie at or within their maximum and minimum limits, i.e.:
+The values of *U1, U2, V1* and *V2* lie at or within their maximum and minimum limits, i.e.:
~~~~~
Umin <= U1 < U2 <= Umax
Vmin <= V1 < V2 <= Vmax
In the second case, however, no intermediate *GeomAPI_ProjectPointOnSurf* object is created, and it is impossible to access other solution points.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_7 Access to lower-level functionalities
+#### Access to lower-level functionalities
If you want to use the wider range of functionalities available from the *Extrema* package, a call to the *Extrema()* method will return the algorithmic object for calculating the extrema as follows:
Extrema_ExtPS& TheExtrema = Proj.Extrema();
~~~~~
-
@subsubsection occt_modalg_2_12_8 Switching from 2d and 3d Curves
-The To2d and To3d methods are used to;
+
+The *To2d* and *To3d* methods are used to;
* build a 2d curve from a 3d *Geom_Curve* lying on a *gp_Pln* plane
* build a 3d curve from a *Geom2d_Curve* and a *gp_Pln* plane.
~~~~~
-@section occt_modalg_3 Topological Tools
+@section occt_modalg_2_topo_tools Topological Tools
+
+Open CASCADE Technology topological tools provide algorithms to
+ * Create wires from edges;
+ * Create faces from wires;
+ * Compute state of the shape relatively other shape;
+ * Orient shapes in container;
+ * Create new shapes from the existing ones;
+ * Build PCurves of edges on the faces;
+ * Check the validity of the shapes;
+ * Take the point in the face;
+ * Get the normal direction for the face.
+
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_1 Creation of the faces from wireframe model
+
+It is possible to create the planar faces from the arbitrary set of planar edges randomly located in 3D space.
+This feature might be useful if you need for instance to restore the shape from the wireframe model:
+<table align="center">
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image062.png,"Wireframe model",160}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image063.png,"Faces of the model",160}</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+To make the faces from edges it is, firstly, necessary to create planar wires from the given edges and than create planar faces from each wire.
+The static methods *BOPAlgo_Tools::EdgesToWires* and *BOPAlgo_Tools::WiresToFaces* can be used for that:
+~~~~~
+TopoDS_Shape anEdges = ...; /* The input edges */
+Standard_Real anAngTol = 1.e-8; /* The angular tolerance for distinguishing the planes in which the wires are located */
+Standard_Boolean bShared = Standard_False; /* Defines whether the edges are shared or not */
+//
+TopoDS_Shape aWires; /* resulting wires */
+Standard_Integer iErr = BOPAlgo_Tools::EdgesToWires(anEdges, aWires, bShared, anAngTol);
+if (iErr) {
+ cout << "Error: Unable to build wires from given edges\n";
+ return;
+}
+//
+TopoDS_Shape aFaces; /* resulting faces */
+Standard_Boolean bDone = BOPAlgo_Tools::WiresToFaces(aWires, aFaces, anAngTol);
+if (!bDone) {
+ cout << "Error: Unable to build faces from wires\n";
+ return;
+}
+~~~~~
+
+These methods can also be used separately:
+ * *BOPAlgo_Tools::EdgesToWires* allows creating planar wires from edges.
+The input edges may be not shared, but the output wires will be sharing the coinciding vertices and edges. For this the intersection of the edges is performed.
+Although, it is possible to skip the intersection stage (if the input edges are already shared) by passing the corresponding flag into the method.
+The input edges are expected to be planar, but the method does not check it. Thus, if the input edges are not planar, the output wires will also be not planar.
+In general, the output wires are non-manifold and may contain free vertices, as well as multi-connected vertices.
+ * *BOPAlgo_Tools::WiresToFaces* allows creating planar faces from the planar wires.
+In general, the input wires are non-manifold and may be not closed, but should share the coinciding parts.
+The wires located in the same plane and completely included into other wires will create holes in the faces built from outer wires:
+
+<table align="center">
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image064.png,"Wireframe model",160}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image065.png,"Two faces (red face has a hole)",160}</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_2 Classification of the shapes
+
+The following methods allow classifying the different shapes relatively other shapes:
+ * The variety of the *BOPTools_AlgoTools::ComputState* methods classify the vertex/edge/face relatively solid;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::IsHole* classifies wire relatively face;
+ * *IntTools_Tools::ClassifyPointByFace* classifies point relatively face.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_3 Orientation of the shapes in the container
+
+The following methods allow reorienting shapes in the containers:
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::OrientEdgesOnWire* correctly orients edges on the wire;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::OrientFacesOnShell* correctly orients faces on the shell.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_4 Making new shapes
+
+The following methods allow creating new shapes from the existing ones:
+ * The variety of the *BOPTools_AlgoTools::MakeNewVertex* creates the new vertices from other vertices and edges;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::MakeSplitEdge* splits the edge by the given parameters.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_5 Building PCurves
+
+The following methods allow building PCurves of edges on faces:
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::BuildPCurveForEdgeOnFace* computes PCurve for the edge on the face;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::BuildPCurveForEdgeOnPlane* and *BOPTools_AlgoTools::BuildPCurveForEdgesOnPlane* allow building PCurves for edges on the planar face;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::AttachExistingPCurve* takes PCurve on the face from one edge and attach this PCurve to other edge coinciding with the first one.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_6 Checking the validity of the shapes
+
+The following methods allow checking the validity of the shapes:
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::IsMicroEdge* detects the small edges;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::ComputeTolerance* computes the correct tolerance of the edge on the face;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools::CorrectShapeTolerances* and *BOPTools_AlgoTools::CorrectTolerances* allow correcting the tolerances of the sub-shapes.
+ * *BRepLib::FindValidRange* finds a range of 3d curve of the edge not covered by tolerance spheres of vertices.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_7 Taking a point inside the face
+
+The following methods allow taking a point located inside the face:
+ * The variety of the *BOPTools_AlgoTools3D::PointNearEdge* allows getting a point inside the face located near the edge;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools3D::PointInFace* allows getting a point inside the face.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_2_topo_tools_8 Getting normal for the face
+
+The following methods allow getting the normal direction for the face/surface:
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools3D::GetNormalToSurface* computes the normal direction for the surface in the given point defined by UV parameters;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools3D::GetNormalToFaceOnEdge* computes the normal direction for the face in the point located on the edge of the face;
+ * *BOPTools_AlgoTools3D::GetApproxNormalToFaceOnEdge* computes the normal direction for the face in the point located near the edge of the face.
+
+
+
+@section occt_modalg_3a The Topology API
+
+The Topology API of Open CASCADE Technology (**OCCT**) includes the following six packages:
+ * *BRepAlgoAPI*
+ * *BRepBuilderAPI*
+ * *BRepFilletAPI*
+ * *BRepFeat*
+ * *BRepOffsetAPI*
+ * *BRepPrimAPI*
+
+The classes provided by the API have the following features:
+ * The constructors of classes provide different construction methods;
+ * The class retains different tools used to build objects as fields;
+ * The class provides a casting method to obtain the result automatically with a function-like call.
+
+Let us use the class *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* to create a linear edge from two points.
+
+~~~~~
+gp_Pnt P1(10,0,0), P2(20,0,0);
+TopoDS_Edge E = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(P1,P2);
+~~~~~
-Open CASCADE Technology topological tools include:
+This is the simplest way to create edge E from two points P1, P2, but the developer can test for errors when he is not as confident of the data as in the previous example.
- * Standard topological objects combining topological data structure and boundary representation
- * Geometric Transformations
- * Conversion to NURBS geometry
- * Finding Planes
- * Duplicating Shapes
- * Checking Validity
+~~~~~
+#include <gp_Pnt.hxx>
+#include <TopoDS_Edge.hxx>
+#include <BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge.hxx>
+void EdgeTest()
+{
+gp_Pnt P1;
+gp_Pnt P2;
+BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
+if (!ME.IsDone())
+{
+// doing ME.Edge() or E = ME here
+// would raise StdFail_NotDone
+Standard_DomainError::Raise
+(“ProcessPoints::Failed to createan edge”);
+}
+TopoDS_Edge E = ME;
+}
+~~~~~
+In this example an intermediary object ME has been introduced. This can be tested for the completion of the function before accessing the result. More information on **error handling** in the topology programming interface can be found in the next section.
-@subsection occt_modalg_3_1 Creation of Standard Topological Objects
+*BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* provides valuable information. For example, when creating an edge from two points, two vertices have to be created from the points. Sometimes you may be interested in getting these vertices quickly without exploring the new edge. Such information can be provided when using a class. The following example shows a function creating an edge and two vertices from two points.
-The standard topological objects include
- * Vertices
- * Edges
- * Wires
- * Faces
- * Shells
+~~~~~
+void MakeEdgeAndVertices(const gp_Pnt& P1,
+const gp_Pnt& P2,
+TopoDS_Edge& E,
+TopoDS_Vertex& V1,
+TopoDS_Vertex& V2)
+{
+BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
+if (!ME.IsDone()) {
+Standard_DomainError::Raise
+(“MakeEdgeAndVerices::Failed to create an edge”);
+}
+E = ME;
+V1 = ME.Vextex1();
+V2 = ME.Vertex2();
+~~~~~
+
+The class *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* provides two methods *Vertex1* and *Vertex2*, which return two vertices used to create the edge.
+
+How can *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* be both a function and a class? It can do this because it uses the casting capabilities of C++. The *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* class has a method called Edge; in the previous example the line <i>E = ME</i> could have been written.
+
+~~~~~
+E = ME.Edge();
+~~~~~
+
+This instruction tells the C++ compiler that there is an **implicit casting** of a *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* into a *TopoDS_Edge* using the *Edge* method. It means this method is automatically called when a *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* is found where a *TopoDS_Edge* is required.
+
+This feature allows you to provide classes, which have the simplicity of function calls when required and the power of classes when advanced processing is necessary. All the benefits of this approach are explained when describing the topology programming interface classes.
+
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_3a_1 Error Handling in the Topology API
+
+A method can report an error in the two following situations:
+ * The data or arguments of the method are incorrect, i.e. they do not respect the restrictions specified by the methods in its specifications. Typical example: creating a linear edge from two identical points is likely to lead to a zero divide when computing the direction of the line.
+ * Something unexpected happened. This situation covers every error not included in the first category. Including: interruption, programming errors in the method or in another method called by the first method, bad specifications of the arguments (i.e. a set of arguments that was not expected to fail).
+
+The second situation is supposed to become increasingly exceptional as a system is debugged and it is handled by the **exception mechanism**. Using exceptions avoids handling error statuses in the call to a method: a very cumbersome style of programming.
+
+In the first situation, an exception is also supposed to be raised because the calling method should have verified the arguments and if it did not do so, there is a bug. For example, if before calling *MakeEdge* you are not sure that the two points are non-identical, this situation must be tested.
+
+Making those validity checks on the arguments can be tedious to program and frustrating as you have probably correctly surmised that the method will perform the test twice. It does not trust you.
+As the test involves a great deal of computation, performing it twice is also time-consuming.
+
+Consequently, you might be tempted to adopt the highly inadvisable style of programming illustrated in the following example:
+
+~~~~~
+#include <Standard_ErrorHandler.hxx>
+try {
+TopoDS_Edge E = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(P1,P2);
+// go on with the edge
+}
+catch {
+// process the error.
+}
+~~~~~
+
+To help the user, the Topology API classes only raise the exception *StdFail_NotDone*. Any other exception means that something happened which was unforeseen in the design of this API.
+
+The *NotDone* exception is only raised when the user tries to access the result of the computation and the original data is corrupted. At the construction of the class instance, if the algorithm cannot be completed, the internal flag *NotDone* is set. This flag can be tested and in some situations a more complete description of the error can be queried. If the user ignores the *NotDone* status and tries to access the result, an exception is raised.
+
+~~~~~
+BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge ME(P1,P2);
+if (!ME.IsDone()) {
+// doing ME.Edge() or E = ME here
+// would raise StdFail_NotDone
+Standard_DomainError::Raise
+(“ProcessPoints::Failed to create an edge”);
+}
+TopoDS_Edge E = ME;
+~~~~~
+
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_hist History support
+
+All topological API algorithms support the history of shape modifications (or just History) for their arguments.
+Generally, the history is available for the following types of sub-shapes of input shapes:
+* Vertex;
+* Edge;
+* Face.
+
+Some algorithms also support the history for Solids.
+
+The history information consists of the following information:
+* Information about Deleted shapes;
+* Information about Modified shapes;
+* Information about Generated shapes.
+
+The History is filled basing on the result of the operation. History cannot return any shapes not contained in the result.
+If the result of the operation is an empty shape, all input shapes will be considered as Deleted and none will have Modified and Generated shapes.
+
+The history information can be accessed by the API methods:
+* *Standard_Boolean IsDeleted(const TopoDS_Shape& theS)* - to check if the shape has been Deleted during the operation;
+* *const TopTools_ListOfShape& Modified(const TopoDS_Shape& theS)* - to get the shapes Modified from the given shape;
+* *const TopTools_ListOfShape& Generated(const TopoDS_Shape& theS)* - to get the shapes Generated from the given shape.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_hist_del Deleted shapes
+
+The shape is considered as Deleted during the operation if all of the following conditions are met:
+* The shape is a part of the argument shapes of the operation;
+* The result shape does not contain the shape itself;
+* The result shape does not contain any of the splits of the shape.
+
+For example, in the CUT operation between two intersecting solids all vertices/edges/faces located completely inside the Tool solid will be Deleted during the operation.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_hist_mod Modified shapes
+
+The shape is considered as Modified during the operation if the result shape contains the splits of the shape, not the shape itself. The shape can be modified only into the shapes with the same dimension.
+The splits of the shape contained in the result shape are Modified from the shape.
+The Modified shapes are created from the sub-shapes of the input shapes and, generally, repeat their geometry.
+
+The list of Modified elements will contain only those contributing to the result of the operation. If the list is empty, the shape has not been modified and it is necessary to check if it has been Deleted.
+
+For example, after translation of the shape in any direction all its sub-shapes will be modified into their translated copies.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_hist_gen Generated shapes
+
+The shapes contained in the result shape are considered as Generated from the input shape if they were produced during the operation and have a different dimension from the shapes from which they were created.
+
+The list of Generated elements will contain only those included in the result of the operation. If the list is empty, no new shapes have been Generated from the shape.
+
+For example, extrusion of the edge in some direction will create a face. This face will be generated from the edge.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_hist_tool BRepTools_History
+
+*BRepTools_History* is the general History tool intended for unification of the histories of different algorithms.
+
+*BRepTools_History* can be created from any algorithm supporting the standard history methods *(IsDeleted(), Modified()* and *Generated())*:
+~~~~
+// The arguments of the operation
+TopoDS_Shape aS = ...;
+
+// Perform transformation on the shape
+gp_Trsf aTrsf;
+aTrsf.SetTranslationPart(gp_Vec(0, 0, 1));
+BRepBuilderAPI_Transform aTransformer(aS, aTrsf); // Transformation API algorithm
+const TopoDS_Shape& aRes = aTransformer.Shape();
+
+// Create the translation history object
+TopTools_ListOfShape anArguments;
+anArguments.Append(aS);
+BRepTools_History aHistory(anArguments, aTransformer);
+~~~~
+
+*BRepTools_History* also allows merging histories. Thus, if you have two or more subsequent operations you can get one final history combined from histories of these operations:
+
+~~~~
+Handle(BRepTools_History) aHist1 = ...; // History of first operation
+Handle(BRepTools_History) aHist2 = ...; // History of second operation
+~~~~
+
+It is possible to merge the second history into the first one:
+~~~~
+aHist1->Merge(aHist2);
+~~~~
+
+Or create the new history keeping the two histories unmodified:
+~~~~
+Handle(BRepTools_History) aResHistory = new BRepTools_History;
+aResHistory->Merge(aHist1);
+aResHistory->Merge(aHist2);
+~~~~
+
+The possibilities of Merging histories and history creation from the API algorithms allow providing easy History support for the new algorithms.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_hist_draw DRAW history support
+
+DRAW History support for the algorithms is provided by three basic commands:
+* *isdeleted*;
+* *modified*;
+* *generated*.
+
+For more information on the Draw History mechanism, refer to the corresponding chapter in the Draw users guide - @ref occt_draw_hist "History commands".
+
+
+@section occt_modalg_3 Standard Topological Objects
+
+The following standard topological objects can be created:
+ * Vertices;
+ * Edges;
+ * Faces;
+ * Wires;
+ * Polygonal wires;
+ * Shells;
* Solids.
There are two root classes for their construction and modification:
* The deferred class *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeShape* is the root of all *BRepBuilderAPI* classes, which build shapes. It inherits from the class *BRepBuilderAPI_Command* and provides a field to store the constructed shape.
-* The deferred *BRepBuilderAPI_ModifyShape* is used as a root for the shape modifications. It inherits *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeShape* and implements the methods used to trace the history of all sub-shapes.
+* The deferred class *BRepBuilderAPI_ModifyShape* is used as a root for the shape modifications. It inherits *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeShape* and implements the methods used to trace the history of all sub-shapes.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_1 Vertex
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_1 Vertex
*BRepBuilderAPI_MakeVertex* creates a new vertex from a 3D point from gp.
~~~~~
This class always creates a new vertex and has no other methods.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_2 Edge
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_2 Edge
-Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* to create from a curve and vertices. The basic method is to construct an edge from a curve, two vertices, and two parameters. All other constructions are derived from this one. The basic method and its arguments are described first, followed by the other methods. The BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge class can provide extra information and return an error status.
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2_1 Basic edge construction method
-#### Basic Edge construction
+Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* to create from a curve and vertices. The basic method constructs an edge from a curve, two vertices, and two parameters.
~~~~~
Handle(Geom_Curve) C = ...; // a curve
where C is the domain of the edge; V1 is the first vertex oriented FORWARD; V2 is the second vertex oriented REVERSED; p1 and p2 are the parameters for the vertices V1 and V2 on the curve. The default tolerance is associated with this edge.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image022.png "Basic Edge Construction"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image022.png "Basic Edge Construction"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image022.png,"Basic Edge Construction",220}
The following rules apply to the arguments:
The figure below illustrates two special cases, a semi-infinite edge and an edge on a periodic curve.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image023.png "Infinite and Periodic Edges"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image023.png "Infinite and Periodic Edges"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image023.png,"Infinite and Periodic Edges",220}
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2_2 Supplementary edge construction methods
-#### Other Edge constructions
+There exist supplementary edge construction methods derived from the basic one.
*BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* class provides methods, which are all simplified calls of the previous one:
E = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge(P1,P2);
~~~~~
-#### Other information and error status
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2_3 Other information and error status
+
+The class *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* can provide extra information and return an error status.
If *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge* is used as a class, it can provide two vertices. This is useful when the vertices were not provided as arguments, for example when the edge was constructed from a curve and parameters. The two methods *Vertex1* and *Vertex2* return the vertices. Note that the returned vertices can be null if the edge is open in the corresponding direction.
The *Error* method returns a term of the *BRepBuilderAPI_EdgeError* enumeration. It can be used to analyze the error when *IsDone* method returns False. The terms are:
- * **EdgeDone** - No error occurred, *IsDone* returns True.
- * **PointProjectionFailed** - No parameters were given, but the projection of the 3D points on the curve failed. This happens if the point distance to the curve is greater than the precision.
- * **ParameterOutOfRange** - The given parameters are not in the range *C->FirstParameter()*, *C->LastParameter()*
- * **DifferentPointsOnClosedCurve** - The two vertices or points have different locations but they are the extremities of a closed curve.
- * **PointWithInfiniteParameter** - A finite coordinate point was associated with an infinite parameter (see the Precision package for a definition of infinite values).
- * **DifferentsPointAndParameter** - The distance of the 3D point and the point evaluated on the curve with the parameter is greater than the precision.
- * **LineThroughIdenticPoints** - Two identical points were given to define a line (construction of an edge without curve), *gp::Resolution* is used to test confusion .
+ * **EdgeDone** -- No error occurred, *IsDone* returns True.
+ * **PointProjectionFailed** -- No parameters were given, but the projection of the 3D points on the curve failed. This happens if the point distance to the curve is greater than the precision.
+ * **ParameterOutOfRange** -- The given parameters are not in the range *C->FirstParameter()*, *C->LastParameter()*
+ * **DifferentPointsOnClosedCurve** -- The two vertices or points have different locations but they are the extremities of a closed curve.
+ * **PointWithInfiniteParameter** -- A finite coordinate point was associated with an infinite parameter (see the Precision package for a definition of infinite values).
+ * **DifferentsPointAndParameter** -- The distance of the 3D point and the point evaluated on the curve with the parameter is greater than the precision.
+ * **LineThroughIdenticPoints** -- Two identical points were given to define a line (construction of an edge without curve), *gp::Resolution* is used to test confusion .
The following example creates a rectangle centered on the origin of dimensions H, L with fillets of radius R. The edges and the vertices are stored in the arrays *theEdges* and *theVertices*. We use class *Array1OfShape* (i.e. not arrays of edges or vertices). See the image below.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image024.png "Creating a Wire"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image024.png "Creating a Wire"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image024.png,"Creating a Wire",360}
~~~~~
#include <BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge.hxx>
}
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_3 Edge 2D
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_3 Edge 2D
Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge2d* class to make edges on a working plane from 2d curves. The working plane is a default value of the *BRepBuilderAPI* package (see the *Plane* methods).
*BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge2d* class is strictly similar to BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge, but it uses 2D geometry from gp and Geom2d instead of 3D geometry.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_4 Polygon
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_4 Polygon
*BRepBuilderAPI_MakePolygon* class is used to build polygonal wires from vertices or points. Points are automatically changed to vertices as in *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeEdge*.
When the added point or vertex has the same location as the previous one it is not added to the current wire but the most recently created edge becomes Null. The *Added* method can be used to test this condition. The *MakePolygon* class never raises an error. If no vertex has been added, the *Wire* is *Null*. If two vertices are at the same location, no edge is created.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_5 Face
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_5 Face
Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace* class to create a face from a surface and wires. An underlying surface is constructed from a surface and optional parametric values. Wires can be added to the surface. A planar surface can be constructed from a wire. An error status can be returned after face construction.
-#### Basic face construction
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_5_1 Basic face construction method
A face can be constructed from a surface and four parameters to determine a limitation of the UV space. The parameters are optional, if they are omitted the natural bounds of the surface are used. Up to four edges and vertices are created with a wire. No edge is created when the parameter is infinite.
TopoDS_Face F = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace(S,umin,umax,vmin,vmax);
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image025.png "Basic Face Construction"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image025.png "Basic Face Construction"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image025.png,"Basic Face Construction",360}
To make a face from the natural boundary of a surface, the parameters are not required:
* On a *U (V)* periodic surface *umin* and *umax (vmin,vmax)* are adjusted.
* *umin, umax, vmin, vmax* can be infinite. There will be no edge in the corresponding direction.
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_5_2 Supplementary face construction methods
-#### Other face constructions
-
-The two basic constructions (from a surface and from a surface and parameters) are implemented for all the gp package surfaces, which are transformed in the corresponding Surface from Geom.
+The two basic constructions (from a surface and from a surface and parameters) are implemented for all *gp* package surfaces, which are transformed in the corresponding Surface from Geom.
| gp package surface | | Geom package surface |
| :------------------- | :----------- | :------------- |
| *gp_Sphere* | | *Geom_SphericalSurface* |
| *gp_Torus* | | *Geom_ToroidalSurface* |
-Once a face has been created, a wire can be added using the Add method. For example, the following code creates a cylindrical surface and adds a wire.
+Once a face has been created, a wire can be added using the *Add* method. For example, the following code creates a cylindrical surface and adds a wire.
~~~~~
gp_Cylinder C = ..; // a cylinder
}
~~~~~
-The last use of *MakeFace* is to copy an existing face to add new wires. For example the following code adds a new wire to a face:
+The last use of *MakeFace* is to copy an existing face to add new wires. For example, the following code adds a new wire to a face:
~~~~~
TopoDS_Face F = ...; // a face
F = BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace(F,W);
~~~~~
-To add more than one wire an instance of the *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace* class can be created with the face and the first wire and the new wires inserted with the Add method.
+To add more than one wire an instance of the *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeFace* class can be created with the face and the first wire and the new wires inserted with the *Add* method.
-Error status
-------------
-The Error method returns an error status, which is a term from the *BRepBuilderAPI_FaceError* enumeration.
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_5_3 Error status
-* *FaceDone* - no error occurred.
-* *NoFace* - no initialization of the algorithm; an empty constructor was used.
-* *NotPlanar* - no surface was given and the wire was not planar.
-* *CurveProjectionFailed* - no curve was found in the parametric space of the surface for an edge.
-* *ParametersOutOfRange* - the parameters *umin, umax, vmin, vmax* are out of the surface.
+The *Error* method returns an error status, which is a term from the *BRepBuilderAPI_FaceError* enumeration.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_6 Wire
+* *FaceDone* -- no error occurred.
+* *NoFace* -- no initialization of the algorithm; an empty constructor was used.
+* *NotPlanar* -- no surface was given and the wire was not planar.
+* *CurveProjectionFailed* -- no curve was found in the parametric space of the surface for an edge.
+* *ParametersOutOfRange* -- the parameters *umin, umax, vmin, vmax* are out of the surface.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_6 Wire
The wire is a composite shape built not from a geometry, but by the assembly of edges. *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire* class can build a wire from one or more edges or connect new edges to an existing wire.
Up to four edges can be used directly, for example:
BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire class can return the last edge added to the wire (Edge method). This edge can be different from the original edge if it was copied.
The Error method returns a term of the *BRepBuilderAPI_WireError* enumeration:
-*WireDone* - no error occurred.
-*EmptyWire* - no initialization of the algorithm, an empty constructor was used.
-*DisconnectedWire* - the last added edge was not connected to the wire.
-*NonManifoldWire* - the wire with some singularity.
+*WireDone* -- no error occurred.
+*EmptyWire* -- no initialization of the algorithm, an empty constructor was used.
+*DisconnectedWire* -- the last added edge was not connected to the wire.
+*NonManifoldWire* -- the wire with some singularity.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_7 Shell
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_7 Shell
The shell is a composite shape built not from a geometry, but by the assembly of faces.
Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeShell* class to build a Shell from a set of Faces. What may be important is that each face should have the required continuity. That is why an initial surface is broken up into faces.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_1_8 Solid
+@subsection occt_modalg_3_8 Solid
The solid is a composite shape built not from a geometry, but by the assembly of shells. Use *BRepBuilderAPI_MakeSolid* class to build a Solid from a set of Shells. Its use is similar to the use of the MakeWire class: shells are added to the solid in the same way that edges are added to the wire in MakeWire.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2 Modification Operators
+@section occt_modalg_3b Object Modification
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2_1 Transformation
+@subsection occt_modalg_3b_1 Transformation
*BRepBuilderAPI_Transform* class can be used to apply a transformation to a shape (see class *gp_Trsf*). The methods have a boolean argument to copy or share the original shape, as long as the transformation allows (it is only possible for direct isometric transformations). By default, the original shape is shared.
The following example deals with the rotation of shapes.
TopoDS_Shape myNewShape2 = theTrsf.Shape()
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_3_2_2 Duplication
+@subsection occt_modalg_3b_2 Duplication
Use the *BRepBuilderAPI_Copy* class to duplicate a shape. A new shape is thus created.
In the following example, a solid is copied:
TopoDS_Solid myCopy = BRepBuilderAPI_Copy(mySolid);
~~~~~
-@section occt_modalg_4 Construction of Primitives
+
+@section occt_modalg_4 Primitives
+
+The <i> BRepPrimAPI</i> package provides an API (Application Programming Interface) for construction of primitives such as:
+ * Boxes;
+ * Cones;
+ * Cylinders;
+ * Prisms.
+
+It is possible to create partial solids, such as a sphere limited by longitude. In real models, primitives can be used for easy creation of specific sub-parts.
+
+ * Construction by sweeping along a profile:
+ * Linear;
+ * Rotational (through an angle of rotation).
+
+Sweeps are objects obtained by sweeping a profile along a path. The profile can be any topology and the path is usually a curve or a wire. The profile generates objects according to the following rules:
+ * Vertices generate Edges
+ * Edges generate Faces.
+ * Wires generate Shells.
+ * Faces generate Solids.
+ * Shells generate Composite Solids.
+
+It is not allowed to sweep Solids and Composite Solids. Swept constructions along complex profiles such as BSpline curves also available in the <i> BRepOffsetAPI </i> package. This API provides simple, high level calls for the most common operations.
+
@subsection occt_modalg_4_1 Making Primitives
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_1 Box
-BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox class allows building a parallelepiped box. The result is either a Shell or a Solid. There are four ways to build a box:
+The class *BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox* allows building a parallelepiped box. The result is either a **Shell** or a **Solid**. There are four ways to build a box:
-* From three dimensions dx,dy,dz. The box is parallel to the axes and extends for [0,dx] [0,dy] [0,dz].
+* From three dimensions *dx, dy* and *dz*. The box is parallel to the axes and extends for <i>[0,dx] [0,dy] [0,dz] </i>.
* From a point and three dimensions. The same as above but the point is the new origin.
* From two points, the box is parallel to the axes and extends on the intervals defined by the coordinates of the two points.
-* From a system of axes (gp_Ax2) and three dimensions. Same as the first way but the box is parallel to the given system of axes.
+* From a system of axes *gp_Ax2* and three dimensions. Same as the first way but the box is parallel to the given system of axes.
An error is raised if the box is flat in any dimension using the default precision. The following code shows how to create a box:
~~~~~
The four methods to build a box are shown in the figure:
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image026.png "Making Boxes"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image026.png "Making Boxes"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image026.png,"Making Boxes",420}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_2 Wedge
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeWedge* class allows building a wedge, which is a slanted box, i.e. a box with angles. The wedge is constructed in much the same way as a box i.e. from three dimensions dx,dy,dz plus arguments or from an axis system, three dimensions, and arguments.
-The following figure shows two ways to build wedges. One is to add an ltx dimension, which is the length in x of the face at dy. The second is to add xmin, xmax, zmin, zmax to describe the face at dy.
+The following figure shows two ways to build wedges. One is to add a dimension *ltx*, which is the length in *x* of the face at *dy*. The second is to add *xmin, xmax, zmin* and *zmax* to describe the face at *dy*.
-The first method is a particular case of the second with xmin = 0, xmax = ltx, zmin = 0, zmax = dz.
-To make a centered pyramid you can use xmin = xmax = dx / 2, zmin = zmax = dz / 2.
+The first method is a particular case of the second with *xmin = 0, xmax = ltx, zmin = 0, zmax = dz*.
+To make a centered pyramid you can use *xmin = xmax = dx / 2, zmin = zmax = dz / 2*.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image027.png "Making Wedges"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image027.png "Making Wedges"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image027.png,"Making Wedges",420}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_3 Rotation object
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeOneAxis* is a deferred class used as a root class for all classes constructing rotational primitives. Rotational primitives are created by rotating a curve around an axis. They cover the cylinder, the cone, the sphere, the torus, and the revolution, which provides all other curves.
The result of the OneAxis construction is a Solid, a Shell, or a Face. The face is the face covering the rotational surface. Remember that you will not use the OneAxis directly but one of the derived classes, which provide improved constructions. The following figure illustrates the OneAxis arguments.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image028.png "MakeOneAxis arguments"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image028.png "MakeOneAxis arguments"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image028.png,"MakeOneAxis arguments",360}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_4 Cylinder
-*BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder* class allows creating cylindrical primitives. A cylinder is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system (gp_Ax2). There are two constructions:
+*BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder* class allows creating cylindrical primitives. A cylinder is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system *gp_Ax2*. There are two constructions:
* Radius and height, to build a full cylinder.
* Radius, height and angle to build a portion of a cylinder.
-The following code builds the cylindrical face of the figure, which is a quarter of cylinder along the Y axis with the origin at X,Y,Z, a length of DY, and a radius R.
+The following code builds the cylindrical face of the figure, which is a quarter of cylinder along the *Y* axis with the origin at *X,Y,Z* the length of *DY* and radius *R*.
~~~~~
TopoDS_Face F =
BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder(axes,R,DY,PI/2.);
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image029.png "Cylinder"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image029.png "Cylinder"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image029.png,"Cylinder",360}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_5 Cone
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeCone* class allows creating conical primitives. Like a cylinder, a cone is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system (gp_Ax2). There are two constructions:
* Two radii and height, to build a full cone. One of the radii can be null to make a sharp cone.
* Radii, height and angle to build a truncated cone.
-The following code builds the solid cone of the figure, which is located in the default system with radii R1 and R2 and height H.
+The following code builds the solid cone of the figure, which is located in the default system with radii *R1* and *R2* and height *H*.
~~~~~
Standard_Real R1 = 30, R2 = 10, H = 15;
TopoDS_Solid S = BRepPrimAPI_MakeCone(R1,R2,H);
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image030.png "Cone"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image030.png "Cone"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image030.png,"Cone",360}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_6 Sphere
-*BRepPrimAPI_MakeSphere* class allows creating spherical primitives. Like a cylinder, a sphere is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system (gp_Ax2). There are four constructions:
+*BRepPrimAPI_MakeSphere* class allows creating spherical primitives. Like a cylinder, a sphere is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system *gp_Ax2*. There are four constructions:
- * From a radius - builds a full sphere.
- * From a radius and an angle - builds a lune (digon).
- * From a radius and two angles - builds a wraparound spherical segment between two latitudes. The angles a1, a2 must follow the relation: PI/2 <= a1 < a2 <= PI/2.
- * From a radius and three angles - a combination of two previous methods builds a portion of spherical segment.
+ * From a radius -- builds a full sphere.
+ * From a radius and an angle -- builds a lune (digon).
+ * From a radius and two angles -- builds a wraparound spherical segment between two latitudes. The angles *a1* and *a2* must follow the relation: <i>PI/2 <= a1 < a2 <= PI/2 </i>.
+ * From a radius and three angles -- a combination of two previous methods builds a portion of spherical segment.
The following code builds four spheres from a radius and three angles.
Note that we could equally well choose to create Shells instead of Solids.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image031.png "Examples of Spheres"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image031.png "Examples of Spheres"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image031.png,"Examples of Spheres",420}
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_1_7 Torus
-*BRepPrimAPI_MakeTorus* class allows creating toroidal primitives. Like the other primitives, a torus is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system (gp_Ax2). There are four constructions similar to the sphere constructions:
+*BRepPrimAPI_MakeTorus* class allows creating toroidal primitives. Like the other primitives, a torus is created either in the default coordinate system or in a given coordinate system *gp_Ax2*. There are four constructions similar to the sphere constructions:
- * Two radii - builds a full torus.
- * Two radii and an angle - builds an angular torus segment.
- * Two radii and two angles - builds a wraparound torus segment between two radial planes. The angles a1, a2 must follow the relation 0 < a2 - a1 < 2*PI.
- * Two radii and three angles - a combination of two previous methods builds a portion of torus segment.
+ * Two radii -- builds a full torus.
+ * Two radii and an angle -- builds an angular torus segment.
+ * Two radii and two angles -- builds a wraparound torus segment between two radial planes. The angles a1, a2 must follow the relation 0 < a2 - a1 < 2*PI.
+ * Two radii and three angles -- a combination of two previous methods builds a portion of torus segment.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image032.png "Examples of Tori"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image032.png "Examples of Tori"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image032.png,"Examples of Tori",420}
The following code builds four toroidal shells from two radii and three angles.
It is forbidden to sweep Solids and Composite Solids. A Compound generates a Compound with the sweep of all its elements.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image033.png "Generating a sweep"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image033.png "Generating a sweep"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image033.png,"Generating a sweep",360}
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeSweep class* is a deferred class used as a root of the the following sweep classes:
-* *BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism* - produces a linear sweep
-* *BRepPrimAPI_MakeRevol* - produces a rotational sweep
-* *BRepPrimAPI_MakePipe* - produces a general sweep.
+* *BRepPrimAPI_MakePrism* -- produces a linear sweep
+* *BRepPrimAPI_MakeRevol* -- produces a rotational sweep
+* *BRepPrimAPI_MakePipe* -- produces a general sweep.
@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_2_2 Prism
// semi-infinite
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image034.png "Finite, infinite, and semi-infinite prisms"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image034.png "Finite, infinite, and semi-infinite prisms"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image034.png,"Finite, infinite, and semi-infinite prisms",420}
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_2_3 Rotation
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_4_2_3 Rotational Sweep
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeRevol* class allows creating a rotational sweep from a shape, an axis (gp_Ax1), and an angle. The angle has a default value of 2*PI which means a closed revolution.
*BRepPrimAPI_MakeRevol* constructors have a last argument to copy or share the original shape. The following code creates a a full and a partial rotation using a face, an axis and an angle.
TopoDS_Solid R2 = BRepPrimAPI_MakeRevol(F,axis,ang);
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image035.png "Full and partial rotation"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image035.png "Full and partial rotation"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image035.png,"Full and partial rotation",420}
@section occt_modalg_5 Boolean Operations
-Boolean operations are used to create new shapes from the combinations of two shapes.
-See @ref occt_user_guides__boolean_operations "Boolean Operations" for detailed documentation.
+Boolean operations are used to create new shapes from the combinations of two groups of shapes.
| Operation | Result |
| :---- | :------ |
| Common | all points in S1 and S2 |
| Cut S1 by S2| all points in S1 and not in S2 |
-BRepAlgoAPI_BooleanOperation class is the deferred root class for Boolean operations.
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image036.png,"Boolean Operations",420}
+
+From the viewpoint of Topology these are topological operations followed by blending (putting fillets onto edges created after the topological operation).
+
+Topological operations are the most convenient way to create real industrial parts. As most industrial parts consist of several simple elements such as gear wheels, arms, holes, ribs, tubes and pipes. It is usually easy to create those elements separately and then to combine them by Boolean operations in the whole final part.
+
+See @ref occt_user_guides__boolean_operations "Boolean Operations" for detailed documentation.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_5_1 Input and Result Arguments
+
+Boolean Operations have the following types of the arguments and produce the following results:
+* For arguments having the same shape type (e.g. SOLID / SOLID) the type of the resulting shape will be a COMPOUND, containing shapes of this type;
+* For arguments having different shape types (e.g. SHELL / SOLID) the type of the resulting shape will be a COMPOUND, containing shapes of the type that is the same as that of the low type of the argument. Example: For SHELL/SOLID the result is a COMPOUND of SHELLs.
+* For arguments with different shape types some of Boolean Operations can not be done using the default implementation, because of a non-manifold type of the result. Example: the FUSE operation for SHELL and SOLID can not be done, but the CUT operation can be done, where SHELL is the object and SOLID is the tool.
+* It is possible to perform Boolean Operations on arguments of the COMPOUND shape type. In this case each compound must not be heterogeneous, i.e. it must contain equidimensional shapes (EDGEs or/and WIREs, FACEs or/and SHELLs, SOLIDs). SOLIDs inside the COMPOUND must not contact (intersect or touch) each other. The same condition should be respected for SHELLs or FACEs, WIREs or EDGEs.
+* Boolean Operations for COMPSOLID type of shape are not supported.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image036.png "Boolean Operations"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image036.png "Boolean Operations"
+@subsection occt_modalg_5_2 Implementation
-@subsection occt_modalg_5_1 Fuse
+*BRepAlgoAPI_BooleanOperation* class is the deferred root class for Boolean operations.
+
+#### Fuse
*BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse* performs the Fuse operation.
TopoDS_Shape S = BRepAlgoAPI_Fuse(A,B);
~~~~~
-@subsection occt_modalg_5_2 Common
+#### Common
*BRepAlgoAPI_Common* performs the Common operation.
TopoDS_Shape S = BRepAlgoAPI_Common(A,B);
~~~~~
-@subsection occt_modalg_5_3 Cut
+#### Cut
*BRepAlgoAPI_Cut* performs the Cut operation.
~~~~~
TopoDS_Shape S = BRepAlgoAPI_Cut(A,B);
~~~~~
-@subsection occt_modalg_5_4 Section
+#### Section
*BRepAlgoAPI_Section* performs the section, described as a *TopoDS_Compound* made of *TopoDS_Edge*.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image037.png "Section operation"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image037.png "Section operation"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image037.png,"Section operation",220}
~~~~~
TopoDS_Shape A = ..., TopoDS_ShapeB = ...;
~~~~~
@section occt_modalg_6 Fillets and Chamfers
+
+This library provides algorithms to make fillets and chamfers on shape edges.
+The following cases are addressed:
+
+ * Corners and apexes with different radii;
+ * Corners and apexes with different concavity.
+
+If there is a concavity, both surfaces that need to be extended and those, which do not, are processed.
+
@subsection occt_modalg_6_1 Fillets
@subsection occt_modalg_6_1_1 Fillet on shape
A fillet description contains an edge and a radius. The edge must be shared by two faces. The fillet is automatically extended to all edges in a smooth continuity with the original edge. It is not an error to add a fillet twice, the last description holds.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image038.png "Filleting two edges using radii r1 and r2."
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image038.png "Filleting two edges using radii r1 and r2."
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image038.png,"Filleting two edges using radii r1 and r2.",360}
In the following example a filleted box with dimensions a,b,c and radius r is created.
}
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image039.png "Fillet with constant radius"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image039.png "Fillet with constant radius"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image039.png,"Fillet with constant radius",360}
#### Changing radius
}
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image040.png "Fillet with changing radius"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image040.png "Fillet with changing radius"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image040.png,"Fillet with changing radius",360}
@subsection occt_modalg_6_1_2 Chamfer
Add(d1, d2, E, F) with d1 on the face F.
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image041.png "Chamfer"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image041.png "Chamfer"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image041.png,"Chamfer",360}
@subsection occt_modalg_6_1_3 Fillet on a planar face
~~~~~
@section occt_modalg_7 Offsets, Drafts, Pipes and Evolved shapes
-@subsection occt_modalg_7_1 Shelling
-Shelling is used to offset given faces of a solid by a specific value. It rounds or intersects adjacent faces along its edges depending on the convexity of the edge.
+These classes provide the following services:
-The constructor *BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid* shelling operator takes the solid, the list of faces to remove and an offset value as input.
+ * Creation of offset shapes and their variants such as:
+ * Hollowing;
+ * Shelling;
+ * Lofting;
+ * Creation of tapered shapes using draft angles;
+ * Creation of sweeps.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_7_1 Offset computation
+
+Offset computation can be performed using *BRepOffsetAPI_MakeOffsetShape*. This class provides API to the two different offset algorithms:
+
+Offset algorithm based on computation of the analytical continuation. Meaning of the parameters can be found in *BRepOffsetAPI_MakeOffsetShape::PerformByJoin* method description. The list below demonstrates principal scheme of this algorithm:
+
+* At the first step, the offsets are computed.
+* After this, the analytical continuations are computed for each offset.
+* Pairwise intersection is computed according to the original topological information (sharing, number of neighbors, etc.).
+* The offset shape is assembled.
+
+The second algorithm is based on the fact that the offset computation for a single face without continuation can always be built. The list below shows simple offset algorithm:
+* Each surface is mapped to its geometric offset surface.
+* For each edge, pcurves are mapped to the same pcurves on offset surfaces.
+* For each edge, 3d curve is constructed by re-approximation of pcurve on the first offset face.
+* Position of each vertex in a result shell is computed as average point of all ends of edges sharing that vertex.
+* Tolerances are updated according to the resulting geometry.
+The possible drawback of the simple algorithm is that it leads, in general case, to tolerance increasing. The tolerances have to grow in order to cover the gaps between the neighbor faces in the output. It should be noted that the actual tolerance growth depends on the offset distance and the quality of joints between the input faces. Anyway the good input shell (smooth connections between adjacent faces) will lead to good result.
+
+The snippets below show usage examples:
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+ BRepOffsetAPI_MakeOffsetShape OffsetMaker1;
+ // Computes offset shape using analytical continuation mechanism.
+ OffsetMaker1.PerformByJoin(Shape, OffsetValue, Tolerance);
+ if (OffsetMaker1.IsDone())
+ NewShape = OffsetMaker1.Shape();
+
+ BRepOffsetAPI_MakeOffsetShape OffsetMaker2;
+ // Computes offset shape using simple algorithm.
+ OffsetMaker2.PerformBySimple(Shape, OffsetValue);
+ if (OffsetMaker2.IsDone())
+ NewShape = OffsetMaker2.Shape();
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_7_2 Shelling
+
+Shelling is used to offset given faces of a solid by a specific value. It rounds or intersects adjacent faces along its edges depending on the convexity of the edge.
+The MakeThickSolidByJoin method of the *BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid* takes the solid, the list of faces to remove and an offset value as input.
~~~~~
TopoDS_Solid SolidInitial = ...;
LCF.Append(SF);
}
-Result = BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid (SolidInitial,
- LCF,
- Of,
- Tol);
+BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid SolidMaker;
+SolidMaker.MakeThickSolidByJoin(SolidInitial,
+ LCF,
+ Of,
+ Tol);
+if (SolidMaker.IsDone())
+ Result = SolidMaker.Shape();
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image042.png "Shelling"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image042.png "Shelling"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image042.png,"Shelling",420}
+
+Also it is possible to create solid between shell, offset shell. This functionality can be called using *BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid::MakeThickSolidBySimple* method. The code below shows usage example:
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~{.cpp}
+ BRepOffsetAPI_MakeThickSolid SolidMaker;
+ SolidMaker.MakeThickSolidBySimple(Shell, OffsetValue);
+ if (myDone.IsDone())
+ Solid = SolidMaker.Shape();
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-@subsection occt_modalg_7_2 Draft Angle
+@subsection occt_modalg_7_3 Draft Angle
*BRepOffsetAPI_DraftAngle* class allows modifying a shape by applying draft angles to its planar, cylindrical and conical faces.
}
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image043.png "DraftAngle"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image043.png "DraftAngle"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image043.png,"DraftAngle",420}
-@subsection occt_modalg_7_3 Pipe Constructor
+@subsection occt_modalg_7_4 Pipe Constructor
*BRepOffsetAPI_MakePipe* class allows creating a pipe from a Spine, which is a Wire and a Profile which is a Shape. This implementation is limited to spines with smooth transitions, sharp transitions are precessed by *BRepOffsetAPI_MakePipeShell*. To be more precise the continuity must be G1, which means that the tangent must have the same direction, though not necessarily the same magnitude, at neighboring edges.
TopoDS_Shape Pipe = BRepOffsetAPI_MakePipe(Spine,Profile);
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image044.png "Example of a Pipe"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image044.png "Example of a Pipe"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image044.png,"Example of a Pipe",320}
-@subsection occt_modalg_7_4 Evolved Solid
+@subsection occt_modalg_7_5 Evolved Solid
*BRepOffsetAPI_MakeEvolved* class allows creating an evolved solid from a Spine (planar face or wire) and a profile (wire).
BRepOffsetAPI_MakeEvolved(Spine,Profile);
~~~~~
-@section occt_modalg_8 Sewing operators
-@subsection occt_modalg_8_1 Sewing
+@section occt_modalg_8 Sewing
-*BRepOffsetAPI_Sewing* class allows sewing TopoDS Shapes together along their common edges. The edges can be partially shared as in the following example.
+@subsection occt_modalg_8_1 Introduction
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image045.png "Shapes with partially shared edges"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image045.png "Shapes with partially shared edges"
+Sewing allows creation of connected topology (shells and wires) from a set of separate topological elements (faces and edges). For example, Sewing can be used to create of shell from a compound of separate faces.
-The constructor takes as arguments the tolerance (default value is 10-6) and a flag, which is used to mark the degenerate shapes.
-
-The following methods are used in this class:
-* *Add* adds shapes, as it is needed;
-* *Perform* forces calculation of the sewed shape.
-* *SewedShape* returns the result.
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image045.png,"Shapes with partially shared edges",320}
+
+It is important to distinguish between sewing and other procedures, which modify the geometry, such as filling holes or gaps, gluing, bending curves and surfaces, etc.
+
+Sewing does not change geometrical representation of the shapes. Sewing applies to topological elements (faces, edges) which are not connected but can be connected because they are geometrically coincident : it adds the information about topological connectivity. Already connected elements are left untouched in case of manifold sewing.
+
+Let us define several terms:
+* **Floating edges** do not belong to any face;
+* **Free boundaries** belong to one face only;
+* **Shared edges** belong to several faces, (i.e. two faces in a manifold topology).
+* **Sewn faces** should have edges shared with each other.
+* **Sewn edges** should have vertices shared with each other.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_8_2 Sewing Algorithm
-Additional methods can be used to give information on the number of free boundaries, multiple edges and degenerate shapes.
+The sewing algorithm is one of the basic algorithms used for shape processing, therefore its quality is very important.
-@subsection occt_modalg_8_2 Find Contiguous Edges
-*BRepOffsetAPI_FindContiguousEdges* class is used to find edges, which coincide among a set of shapes within the given tolerance; these edges can be analyzed for tangency, continuity (C1, G2, etc.)...
+Sewing algorithm is implemented in the class *BRepBuilder_Sewing*. This class provides the following methods:
+* loading initial data for global or local sewing;
+* setting customization parameters, such as special operation modes, tolerances and output results;
+* applying analysis methods that can be used to obtain connectivity data required by external algorithms;
+* sewing of the loaded shapes.
-The constructor takes as arguments the tolerance defining the edge proximity (10-6 by default) and a flag used to mark degenerated shapes.
+Sewing supports working mode with big value tolerance. It is not necessary to repeat sewing step by step while smoothly increasing tolerance.
-The following methods are used in this class:
-* *Add* adds shapes, which are to be analyzed;
-* *NbEdges* returns the total number of edges;
-* *NbContiguousEdges* returns the number of contiguous edges within the given tolerance as defined above;
-* *ContiguousEdge* takes an edge number as an argument and returns the *TopoDS* edge contiguous to another edge;
-* *ContiguousEdgeCouple* gives all edges or sections, which are common to the edge with the number given above.
-* *SectionToBoundary* finds the original edge on the original shape from the section.
+It is also possible to sew edges to wire and to sew locally separate faces and edges from a shape.
+
+The Sewing algorithm can be subdivided into several independent stages, some of which can be turned on or off using Boolean or other flags.
+
+In brief, the algorithm should find a set of merge candidates for each free boundary, filter them according to certain criteria, and finally merge the found candidates and build the resulting sewn shape.
+
+Each stage of the algorithm or the whole algorithm can be adjusted with the following parameters:
+* **Working tolerance** defines the maximal distance between topological elements which can be sewn. It is not ultimate that such elements will be actually sewn as many other criteria are applied to make the final decision.
+* **Minimal tolerance** defines the size of the smallest element (edge) in the resulting shape. It is declared that no edges with size less than this value are created after sewing. If encountered, such topology becomes degenerated.
+* **Non-manifold mode** enables sewing of non-manifold topology.
+
+#### Example
+
+To connect a set of *n* contiguous but independent faces, do the following:
+
+~~~~~
+ BRepBuilderAPI_Sewing Sew;
+ Sew.Add(Face1);
+ Sew.Add(Face2);
+ ...
+ Sew.Add(Facen);
+ Sew.Perform();
+ TopoDS_Shape result= Sew.SewedShape();
+~~~~~
+
+If all faces have been sewn correctly, the result is a shell. Otherwise, it is a compound. After a successful sewing operation all faces have a coherent orientation.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_8_3 Tolerance Management
+
+To produce a closed shell, Sewing allows specifying the value of working tolerance, exceeding the size of small faces belonging to the shape.
+
+However, if we produce an open shell, it is possible to get incorrect sewing results if the value of working tolerance is too large (i.e. it exceeds the size of faces lying on an open boundary).
+
+The following recommendations can be proposed for tuning-up the sewing process:
+- Use as small working tolerance as possible. This will reduce the sewing time and, consequently, the number of incorrectly sewn edges for shells with free boundaries.
+- Use as large minimal tolerance as possible. This will reduce the number of small geometry in the shape, both original and appearing after cutting.
+- If it is expected to obtain a shell with holes (free boundaries) as a result of sewing, the working tolerance should be set to a value not greater than the size of the smallest element (edge) or smallest distance between elements of such free boundary. Otherwise the free boundary may be sewn only partially.
+- It should be mentioned that the Sewing algorithm is unable to understand which small (less than working tolerance) free boundary should be kept and which should be sewn.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_8_4 Manifold and Non-manifold Sewing
+
+To create one or several shells from a set of faces, sewing merges edges, which belong to different faces or one closed face.
+
+Face sewing supports manifold and non manifold modes. Manifold mode can produce only a manifold shell. Sewing should be used in the non manifold mode to create non manifold shells.
+
+Manifold sewing of faces merges only two nearest edges belonging to different faces or one closed face with each other. Non manifold sewing of faces merges all edges at a distance less than the specified tolerance.
+
+For a complex topology it is advisable to apply first the manifold sewing and then the non manifold sewing a minimum possible working tolerance. However, this is not necessary for a easy topology.
+
+Giving a large tolerance value to non manifold sewing will cause a lot of incorrectness since all nearby geometry will be sewn.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_8_5 Local Sewing
+
+If a shape still has some non-sewn faces or edges after sewing, it is possible to use local sewing with a greater tolerance.
+
+Local sewing is especially good for open shells. It allows sewing an unwanted hole in one part of the shape and keeping a required hole, which is smaller than the working tolerance specified for the local sewing in the other part of the shape. Local sewing is much faster than sewing on the whole shape.
+
+All preexisting connections of the whole shape are kept after local sewing.
+
+For example, if you want to sew two open shells having coincided free edges using local sewing, it is necessary to create a compound from two shells then load the full compound using method *BRepBuilderAPI_Sewing::Load()*. After that it is necessary to add local sub-shapes, which should be sewn using method *BRepBuilderAPI_Sewing::Add()*. The result of sewing can be obtained using method *BRepBuilderAPI_Sewing::SewedShape()*.
+
+See the example:
+
+~~~~
+
+//initial sewn shapes
+TopoDS_Shape aS1, aS2; // these shapes are expected to be well sewn shells
+TopoDS_Shape aComp;
+BRep_Builder aB;
+aB.MakeCompound(aComp);
+aB.Add(aComp, aS1);
+aB.Add(aComp, aS2);
+................................
+aSewing.Load(aComp);
+
+//sub shapes which should be locally sewed
+aSewing.Add(aF1);
+aSewing.Add(aF2);
+//performing sewing
+aSewing.Perform();
+//result shape
+TopoDS_Shape aRes = aSewing.SewedShape();
+
+~~~~
@section occt_modalg_9 Features
-@subsection occt_modalg_9_1 The BRepFeat Classes and their use
-*BRepFeat* package is used to manipulate extensions of the classical boundary representation of shapes closer to features. In that sense, *BRepFeat* is an extension of *BRepBuilderAPI* package.
+This library contained in *BRepFeat* package is necessary for creation and manipulation of form and mechanical features that go beyond the classical boundary representation of shapes. In that sense, *BRepFeat* is an extension of *BRepBuilderAPI* package.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_9_1 Form Features
+
+The form features are depressions or protrusions including the following types:
+
+ * Cylinder;
+ * Draft Prism;
+ * Prism;
+ * Revolved feature;
+ * Pipe.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_1 Form classes
-The *Form* from *BRepFeat* class is a deferred class used as a root for form features. It inherits *MakeShape* from *BRepBuilderAPI* and provides implementation of methods keep track of all sub-shapes.
+Depending on whether you wish to make a depression or a protrusion,
+you can choose either to remove matter (Boolean cut: Fuse equal to 0) or to add it (Boolean fusion: Fuse equal to 1).
-#### MakePrism
+The semantics of form feature creation is based on the construction of shapes:
-*MakePrism* from *BRepFeat* class is used to build a prism interacting with a shape. It is created or initialized from
+ * for a certain length in a certain direction;
+ * up to the limiting face;
+ * from the limiting face at a height;
+ * above and/or below a plane.
+
+The shape defining the construction of a feature can be either a supporting edge or a concerned area of a face.
+
+In case of supporting edge, this contour can be attached to a face of the basis shape by binding. When the contour is bound to this face, the information that the contour will slide on the face becomes available
+to the relevant class methods. In case of the concerned area of a face, you can, for example, cut it out and move it at a different height, which defines the limiting face of a protrusion or depression.
+
+Topological definition with local operations of this sort makes calculations simpler
+and faster than a global operation. The latter would entail a second phase
+of removing unwanted matter to get the same result.
+
+The *Form* from *BRepFeat* package is a deferred class used as a root for form features. It inherits *MakeShape* from *BRepBuilderAPI* and provides implementation of methods keep track of all sub-shapes.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_1 Prism
+
+The class *BRepFeat_MakePrism* is used to build a prism interacting with a shape. It is created or initialized from
* a shape (the basic shape),
* the base of the prism,
* a face (the face of sketch on which the base has been defined and used to determine whether the base has been defined on the basic shape or not),
}
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image047.png "Fusion with MakePrism"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image047.png "Fusion with MakePrism"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image047.png,"Fusion with MakePrism",320}
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image048.png "Creating a prism between two faces with Perform(From, Until)"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image048.png "Creating a prism between two faces with Perform(From, Until)"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image048.png,"Creating a prism between two faces with Perform()",320}
-#### MakeDPrism
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_2 Draft Prism
-*MakeDPrism* from *BRepFeat* class is used to build draft prism topologies interacting with a basis shape . These can be depressions or protrusions. A class object is created or initialized from
+The class *BRepFeat_MakeDPrism* is used to build draft prism topologies interacting with a basis shape. These can be depressions or protrusions. A class object is created or initialized from:
* a shape (basic shape),
* the base of the prism,
* a face (face of sketch on which the base has been defined and used to determine whether the base has been defined on the basic shape or not),
TopoDS_Shape res1 = MKDP.Shape();
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image049.png "A tapered prism"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image049.png "A tapered prism"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image049.png,"A tapered prism",320}
-#### MakeRevol
-
-The *MakeRevol* from *BRepFeat* class is used to build a revolution interacting with a
-shape. It is created or initialized from
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_3 Revolution
+The class *BRepFeat_MakeRevol* is used to build a revolution interacting with a shape. It is created or initialized from:
* a shape (the basic shape,)
* the base of the revolution,
* a face (the face of sketch on which the base has been defined and used to determine whether the base has been defined on the basic shape or not),
}
~~~~~
-#### MakePipe
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_4 Pipe
-This method constructs compound shapes with pipe features: depressions or protrusions. A class object is created or initialized from
+The class *BRepFeat_MakePipe* constructs compound shapes with pipe features: depressions or protrusions. A class object is created or initialized from:
* a shape (basic shape),
* a base face (profile of the pipe)
* a face (face of sketch on which the base has been defined and used to determine whether the base has been defined on the basic shape or not),
| *Perform(Until)* | The pipe is defined along the path until a given face |
| *Perform(From, Until)* | The pipe is defined between the two faces From and Until |
+Let us have a look at the example:
+
~~~~~
TopoDS_Shape S = BRepPrimAPI_MakeBox(400.,250.,300.);
TopExp_Explorer Ex;
TopoDS_Shape res1 = MKPipe.Shape();
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image050.png "Pipe depression"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image050.png "Pipe depression"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image050.png,"Pipe depression",240}
+@subsection occt_modalg_9_2 Mechanical Features
+Mechanical features include ribs, protrusions and grooves (or slots), depressions along planar (linear) surfaces or revolution surfaces.
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_2 Linear Form
-
-*MakeLinearForm* class creates a rib or a groove along a planar surface.
-
-The semantics of mechanical features is built around giving thickness to a contour. This thickness can either be symmetrical - on one side of the contour - or dissymmetrical - on both sides. As in the semantics of form features, the thickness is defined by construction of shapes in specific contexts.
+The semantics of mechanical features is built around giving thickness to a contour. This thickness can either be symmetrical -- on one side of the contour -- or dissymmetrical -- on both sides. As in the semantics of form features, the thickness is defined by construction of shapes in specific contexts.
The development contexts differ, however, in the case of mechanical features.
Here they include extrusion:
* to a limiting face of the basis shape;
* to or from a limiting plane;
* to a height.
+
A class object is created or initialized from
* a shape (basic shape);
* a wire (base of rib or groove);
* direction2 (vector opposite to the previous one along which thickness will be built up, may be null);
* a Boolean indicating the type of operation (fusion=rib or cut=groove) on the basic shape;
* another Boolean indicating if self-intersections have to be found (not used in every case).
-
-There is one *Perform()* method, which performs a prism from the wire along the *direction1* and *direction2* interacting with base shape *Sbase*. The height of the prism is *Magnitude(Direction1)+Magnitude(direction2)*.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_2_1 Linear Form
+
+Linear form is implemented in *MakeLinearForm* class, which creates a rib or a groove along a planar surface. There is one *Perform()* method, which performs a prism from the wire along the *direction1* and *direction2* interacting with base shape *Sbase*. The height of the prism is *Magnitude(Direction1)+Magnitude(direction2)*.
~~~~~
BRepBuilderAPI_MakeWire mkw;
TopoDS_Shape res = aform.Shape();
~~~~~
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image051.png "Creating a rib"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image051.png "Creating a rib"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image051.png,"Creating a rib",240}
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_3 Gluer
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_2_3 Gluer
+
+The class *BRepFeat_Gluer* allows gluing two solids along faces. The contact faces of the glued shape must not have parts outside the contact faces of the basic shape. Upon completion the algorithm gives the glued shape with cut out parts of faces inside the shape.
-The *Gluer* from *BRepFeat* class allows gluing two solids along faces. The contact faces of the glued shape must not have parts outside the contact faces of the basic shape.
The class is created or initialized from two shapes: the “glued” shape and the basic shape (on which the other shape is glued).
Two *Bind* methods are used to bind a face of the glued shape to a face of the basic shape and an edge of the glued shape to an edge of the basic shape.
}
~~~~~
-@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_1_4 Split Shape
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_9_2_4 Split Shape
-*SplitShape* from *BRepFeat* class is used to split faces of a shape with wires or edges. The shape containing the new entities is rebuilt, sharing the unmodified ones.
+The class *BRepFeat_SplitShape* is used to split faces of a shape into wires or edges. The shape containing the new entities is rebuilt, sharing the unmodified ones.
The class is created or initialized from a shape (the basic shape).
Three Add methods are available:
-* *Add(Wire, Face)* - adds a new wire on a face of the basic shape.
-* *Add(Edge, Face)* - adds a new edge on a face of the basic shape.
-* *Add(EdgeNew, EdgeOld)* - adds a new edge on an existing one (the old edge must contain the new edge).
+* *Add(Wire, Face)* -- adds a new wire on a face of the basic shape.
+* *Add(Edge, Face)* -- adds a new edge on a face of the basic shape.
+* *Add(EdgeNew, EdgeOld)* -- adds a new edge on an existing one (the old edge must contain the new edge).
**Note** The added wires and edges must define closed wires on faces or wires located between two existing edges. Existing edges must not be intersected.
To provide the precision required in industrial design, drawings need to offer the possibility of removing lines, which are hidden in a given projection.
-For this the Hidden Line Removal component provides two algorithms: *HLRBRep_Algo* and *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo*.
+For this the Hidden Line Removal component provides two algorithms: *HLRBRep_Algo* and *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo*.
These algorithms are based on the principle of comparing each edge of the shape to be visualized with each of its faces, and calculating the visible and the hidden parts of each edge. Note that these are not the algorithms used in generating shading, which calculate the visible and hidden parts of each face in a shape to be visualized by comparing each face in the shape with every other face in the same shape.
These algorithms operate on a shape and remove or indicate edges hidden by faces. For a given projection, they calculate a set of lines characteristic of the object being represented. They are also used in conjunction with extraction utilities, which reconstruct a new, simplified shape from a selection of the results of the calculation. This new shape is made up of edges, which represent the shape visualized in the projection.
-*HLRBRep_Algo* takes the shape itself into account whereas *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo* works with a polyhedral simplification of the shape. When you use *HLRBRep_Algo*, you obtain an exact result, whereas, when you use *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo*, you reduce the computation time.
+*HLRBRep_Algo* allows working with the shape itself, whereas *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo* works with a polyhedral simplification of the shape. When you use *HLRBRep_Algo*, you obtain an exact result, whereas, when you use *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo*, you reduce the computation time, but obtain polygonal segments.
No smoothing algorithm is provided. Consequently, a polyhedron will be treated as such and the algorithms will give the results in form of line segments conforming to the mathematical definition of the polyhedron. This is always the case with *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo*.
However, there some restrictions in HLR use:
* Points are not processed;
- * Z-clipping planes are not used;
* Infinite faces or lines are not processed.
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image052.png "Sharp, smooth and sewn edges in a simple screw shape"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image052.png "Sharp, smooth and sewn edges in a simple screw shape"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image052.png,"Sharp, smooth and sewn edges in a simple screw shape",320}
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image053.png "Outline edges and isoparameters in the same shape"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image053.png "Outline edges and isoparameters in the same shape"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image053.png,"Outline edges and isoparameters in the same shape",320}
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image054.png "A simple screw shape seen with shading"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image054.png "A simple screw shape seen with shading"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image054.png,"A simple screw shape seen with shading",320}
-@image html /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image055.png "An extraction showing hidden sharp edges"
-@image latex /user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image055.png "An extraction showing hidden sharp edges"
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image055.png,"An extraction showing hidden sharp edges",320}
The following services are related to Hidden Lines Removal :
aPolyHLRToShape.OutLineHCompound();
~~~~~
-@section occt_modalg_10_2 Meshing of Shapes
+@section occt_modalg_11 Meshing
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_11_1 Mesh presentations
-The *HLRBRep_PolyAlgo* algorithm works with triangulation of shapes. This is provided by the function *BRepMesh::Mesh*, which adds a triangulation of the shape to its topological data structure. This triangulation is computed with a given deflection.
+In addition to support of exact geometrical representation of 3D objects Open CASCADE Technology provides functionality to work with tessellated representations of objects in form of meshes.
+
+Open CASCADE Technology mesh functionality provides:
+- data structures to store surface mesh data associated to shapes, and some basic algorithms to handle these data
+- data structures and algorithms to build surface triangular mesh from *BRep* objects (shapes).
+- tools to extend 3D visualization capabilities of Open CASCADE Technology with displaying meshes along with associated pre- and post-processor data.
+
+Open CASCADE Technology includes two mesh converters:
+- VRML converter translates Open CASCADE shapes to VRML 1.0 files (Virtual Reality Modeling Language). Open CASCADE shapes may be translated in two representations: shaded or wireframe. A shaded representation present shapes as sets of triangles computed by a mesh algorithm while a wireframe representation present shapes as sets of curves.
+- STL converter translates Open CASCADE shapes to STL files. STL (STtereoLithography) format is widely used for rapid prototyping.
+
+Open CASCADE SAS also offers Advanced Mesh Products:
+- <a href="http://www.opencascade.com/content/mesh-framework">Open CASCADE Mesh Framework (OMF)</a>
+- <a href="http://www.opencascade.com/content/express-mesh">Express Mesh</a>
+
+Besides, we can efficiently help you in the fields of surface and volume meshing algorithms, mesh optimization algorithms etc. If you require a qualified advice about meshing algorithms, do not hesitate to benefit from the expertise of our team in that domain.
+
+The projects dealing with numerical simulation can benefit from using SALOME - an Open Source Framework for CAE with CAD data interfaces, generic Pre- and Post- F.E. processors and API for integrating F.E. solvers.
+
+Learn more about SALOME platform on http://www.salome-platform.org
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_11_2 Meshing algorithm
+
+The algorithm of shape triangulation is provided by the functionality of *BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh* class, which adds a triangulation of the shape to its topological data structure. This triangulation is used to visualize the shape in shaded mode.
~~~~~
-Standard_Real radius=10. ;
-Standard_Real height=25. ;
-BRepBuilderAPI_MakeCylinder myCyl (radius, height) ;
-TopoDS_Shape myShape = myCyl.Shape() ;
-Standard_Real Deflection = 0.01 ;
-BRepMesh::Mesh (myShape, Deflection);
+#include <IMeshData_Status.hxx>
+#include <IMeshTools_Parameters.hxx>
+#include <BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh.hxx>
+
+Standard_Boolean meshing_explicit_parameters()
+{
+ const Standard_Real aRadius = 10.0;
+ const Standard_Real aHeight = 25.0;
+ BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder aCylinder(aRadius, aHeight);
+ TopoDS_Shape aShape = aCylinder.Shape();
+
+ const Standard_Real aLinearDeflection = 0.01;
+ const Standard_Real anAngularDeflection = 0.5;
+ BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh aMesher (aShape, aLinearDeflection, Standard_False, anAngularDeflection, Standard_True);
+ const Standard_Integer aStatus = aMesher.GetStatusFlags();
+ return !aStatus;
+}
+
+Standard_Boolean meshing_imeshtools_parameters()
+{
+ const Standard_Real aRadius = 10.0;
+ const Standard_Real aHeight = 25.0;
+ BRepPrimAPI_MakeCylinder aCylinder(aRadius, aHeight);
+ TopoDS_Shape aShape = aCylinder.Shape();
+
+ IMeshTools_Parameters aMeshParams;
+ aMeshParams.Deflection = 0.01;
+ aMeshParams.Angle = 0.5;
+ aMeshParams.Relative = Standard_False;
+ aMeshParams.InParallel = Standard_True;
+ aMeshParams.MinSize = Precision::Confusion();
+ aMeshParams.InternalVerticesMode = Standard_True;
+ aMeshParams.ControlSurfaceDeflection = Standard_True;
+
+ BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh aMesher (aShape, aMeshParams);
+ const Standard_Integer aStatus = aMesher.GetStatusFlags();
+ return !aStatus;
+}
~~~~~
-Meshing covers a shape with a triangular mesh. Other than hidden line removal, you can use meshing to transfer the shape to another tool: a manufacturing tool, a shading algorithm, a finite element algorithm, or a collision algorithm, for example.
+The default meshing algorithm *BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh* has two major options to define triangulation -- linear and angular deflections.
+
+At the first step all edges from a face are discretized according to the specified parameters.
-You can obtain information on the shape by first exploring it. To then access triangulation of a face in the shape, use *BRepTool::Triangulation*. To access a polygon which is the approximation of an edge of the face, use *BRepTool::PolygonOnTriangulation*.
\ No newline at end of file
+At the second step, the faces are tessellated. Linear deflection limits the distance between a curve and its tessellation, whereas angular deflection limits the angle between subsequent segments in a polyline.
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image056.png,"Deflection parameters of BRepMesh_IncrementalMesh algorithm",420}
+
+Linear deflection limits the distance between triangles and the face interior.
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_image057.png,"Linear deflection",420}
+
+Note that if a given value of linear deflection is less than shape tolerance then the algorithm will skip this value and will take into account the shape tolerance.
+
+The application should provide deflection parameters to compute a satisfactory mesh. Angular deflection is relatively simple and allows using a default value (12-20 degrees). Linear deflection has an absolute meaning and the application should provide the correct value for its models. Giving small values may result in a too huge mesh (consuming a lot of memory, which results in a long computation time and slow rendering) while big values result in an ugly mesh.
+
+For an application working in dimensions known in advance it can be reasonable to use the absolute linear deflection for all models. This provides meshes according to metrics and precision used in the application (for example, it it is known that the model will be stored in meters, 0.004 m is enough for most tasks).
+
+However, an application that imports models created in other applications may not use the same deflection for all models. Note that actually this is an abnormal situation and this application is probably just a viewer for CAD models with dimensions varying by an order of magnitude. This problem can be solved by introducing the concept of a relative linear deflection with some LOD (level of detail). The level of detail is a scale factor for absolute deflection, which is applied to model dimensions.
+
+Meshing covers a shape with a triangular mesh. Other than hidden line removal, you can use meshing to transfer the shape to another tool: a manufacturing tool, a shading algorithm, a finite element algorithm, or a collision algorithm.
+
+You can obtain information on the shape by first exploring it. To access triangulation of a face in the shape later, use *BRepTool::Triangulation*. To access a polygon, which is the approximation of an edge of the face, use *BRepTool::PolygonOnTriangulation*.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_11_3 BRepMesh Architecture
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_1 Goals
+
+The main goals of the chosen architecture are:
+ * Remove tight connections between data structures, auxiliary tools and algorithms in order to create an extensible solution, easy for maintenance and improvements;
+ * Separate the code among several functional units responsible for specific operation for the sake of simplification of debugging and readability;
+ * Introduce new data structures enabling the possibility to manipulate a discrete model of a particular entity (edge, wire, face) in order to perform computations locally instead of processing an entire model;
+ * Implement a new triangulation algorithm replacing existing functionality that contains too complicated solutions that need to be moved to the upper level. In addition, provide the possibility to change algorithm depending on surface type (initially to speed up meshing of planes).
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_2 General workflow
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_mesh_001.svg,"General workflow of BRepMesh component",500}
+
+Generally, the workflow of the component can be divided on six parts:
+ * **Creation of model data structure**: source *TopoDS_Shape* passed to algorithm is analyzed and exploded on faces and edges. The reflection corresponding to each topological entity is created in the data model. Note that underlying algorithms use the data model as input and access it via a common interface which allows creating a custom data model with necessary dependencies between particular entities (see the paragraph "Data model interface");
+ * **Discretize edges 3D & 2D curves**: 3D curve as well as an associated set of 2D curves of each model edge is discretized in order to create a coherent skeleton used as a base in face meshing process. If an edge of the source shape already contains polygonal data which suits the specified parameters, it is extracted from the shape and stored in the model as is. Each edge is processed separately, adjacency is not taken into account;
+ * **Heal discrete model**: the source *TopoDS_Shape* can contain problems, such as open wires or self-intersections, introduced during design, exchange or modification of model. In addition, some problems like self-intersections can be introduced by roughly discretized edges. This stage is responsible for analysis of a discrete model in order to detect and repair problems or to refuse further processing of a model part in case if a problem cannot be solved;
+ * **Preprocess discrete model**: defines actions specific to the implemented approach to be performed before meshing of faces. By default, this operation iterates over model faces, checks the consistency of existing triangulations and cleans topological faces and adjacent edges from polygonal data in case of inconsistency or marks a face of the discrete model as not required for the computation;
+ * **Discretize faces**: represents the core part performing mesh generation for a particular face based on 2D discrete data. This operation caches polygonal data associated with face edges in the data model for further processing and stores the generated mesh to *TopoDS_Face*;
+ * **Postprocess discrete model**: defines actions specific for the implemented approach to be performed after meshing of faces. By default, this operation stores polygonal data obtained at the previous stage to *TopoDS_Edge* objects of the source model.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_3 Common interfaces
+The component structure contains two units: <i>IMeshData</i> (see Data model interface) and <i>IMeshTools</i>, defining common interfaces for the data model and algorithmic tools correspondingly. Class *IMeshTools_Context* represents a connector between these units. The context class caches the data model as well as the tools corresponding to each of six stages of the workflow mentioned above and provides methods to call the corresponding tool safely (designed similarly to *IntTools_Context* in order to keep consistency with OCCT core tools). All stages, except for the first one use data model as input and perform a specific action on the entire structure. Thus, API class *IMeshTools_ModelAlgo* is defined in order to unify the interface of tools manipulating the data model. Each tool supposed to process the data model should inherit this interface enabling the possibility to cache it in context. In contrast to others, the model builder interface is defined by another class *IMeshTools_ModelBuilder* due to a different meaning of the stage. The entry point starting the entire workflow is represented by *IMeshTools_MeshBuilder*.
+
+The default implementation of *IMeshTools_Context* is given in *BRepMesh_Context* class initializing the context by instances of default algorithmic tools.
+
+The factory interface *IMeshTools_MeshAlgoFactory* gives the possibility to change the triangulation algorithm for a specific surface. The factory returns an instance of the triangulation algorithm via *IMeshTools_MeshAlgo* interface depending on the type of surface passed as parameter. It is supposed to be used at the face discretization stage.
+
+The default implementation of AlgoFactory is given in *BRepMesh_MeshAlgoFactory* returning algorithms of different complexity chosen according to the passed surface type. In its turn, it is used as the initializer of *BRepMesh_FaceDiscret* algorithm representing the starter of face discretization stage.
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_mesh_002.svg,"Interface describing entry point to meshing workflow",500}
+
+Remaining interfaces describe auxiliary tools:
+ * *IMeshTools_CurveTessellator*: provides a common interface to the algorithms responsible for creation of discrete polygons on 3D and 2D curves as well as tools for extraction of existing polygons from *TopoDS_Edge* allowing to obtain discrete points and the corresponding parameters on curve regardless of the implementation details (see examples of usage of derived classes *BRepMesh_CurveTessellator*, *BRepMesh_EdgeTessellationExtractor* in *BRepMesh_EdgeDiscret*);
+ * *IMeshTools_ShapeExplorer*: the last two interfaces represent visitor design pattern and are intended to separate iteration over elements of topological shape (edges and faces) from the operations performed on a particular element;
+ * *IMeshTools_ShapeVisitor*: provides a common interface for operations on edges and faces of the target topological shape. It can be used in couple with *IMeshTools_ShapeExplorer*. The default implementation available in *BRepMesh_ShapeVisitor* performs initialization of the data model. The advantage of such approach is that the implementation of *IMeshTools_ShapeVisitor* can be changed according to the specific data model whereas the shape explorer implementation remains the same.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_4 Create model data structure
+The data structures intended to keep discrete and temporary data required by underlying algorithms are created at the first stage of the meshing procedure. Generally, the model represents dependencies between entities of the source topological shape suitable for the target task.
+
+#### Data model interface
+Unit <i>IMeshData</i> provides common interfaces specifying the data model API used on different stages of the entire workflow. Dependencies and references of the designed interfaces are given in the figure below. A specific interface implementation depends on the target application which allows the developer to implement different models and use custom low-level data structures, e.g. different collections, either <i>NCollection</i> or STL. *IMeshData_Shape* is used as the base class for all data structures and tools keeping the topological shape in order to avoid possible copy-paste.
+
+The default implementation of interfaces is given in <i>BRepMeshData</i> unit. The main aim of the default data model is to provide features performing discretization of edges in a parallel mode. Thus, curve, pcurve and other classes are based on STL containers and smart-pointers as far as <i>NCollection</i> does not provide thread-safety for some cases (e.g. *NCollection_Sequence*). In addition, it closely reflects topology of the source shape, i.e. the number of edges in the data model is equal to the number of edges in the source model; each edge contains a set of pcurves associated with its adjacent faces which allows creation of discrete polygons for all pcurves or the 3D curve of a particular edge in a separate thread.
+
+**Advantages**:
+In case of necessity, the data model (probably with algorithms for its processing) can be easily substituted by another implementation supporting another kind of dependencies between elements.
+
+An additional example of a different data model is the case when it is not required to create a mesh with discrete polygons synchronized between adjacent faces, i.e. in case of necessity to speed up creation of a rough per-face tessellation used for visualization or quick computation only (the approach used in *XDEDRAW_Props*).
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_mesh_003.svg,"Common API of data model",500}
+
+#### Collecting data model
+At this stage the data model is filled by entities according to the topological structure of the source shape. A default implementation of the data model is given in <i>BRepMeshData</i> unit and represents the model as two sets: a set of edges and a set of faces. Each face consists of one or several wires, the first of which always represents the outer wire, while others are internal. In its turn, each wire depicts the ordered sequence of oriented edges. Each edge is characterized by a single 3D curve and zero (in case of free edge) or more 2D curves associated with faces adjacent to this edge. Both 3D and 2D curves represent a set of pairs point-parameter defined in 3D and 2D space of the reference face correspondingly. An additional difference between a curve and a pcurve is that the latter has a reference to the face it is defined for.
+
+Model filler algorithm is represented by *BRepMesh_ShapeVisitor* class creating the model as a reflection to topological shape with help of *BRepMesh_ShapeExplorer* performing iteration over edges and faces of the target shape. Note that the algorithm operates on a common interface of the data model and creates a structure without any knowledge about the implementation details and underlying data structures. The entry point to collecting functionality is *BRepMesh_ModelBuilder* class.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_5 Discretize edges 3D & 2D curves
+At this stage only the edges of the data model are considered. Each edge is processed separately (with the possibility to run processing in multiple threads). The edge is checked for existing polygonal data. In case if at least one representation exists and suits the meshing parameters, it is recuperated and used as reference data for tessellation of the whole set of pcurves as well as 3D curve assigned to the edge (see *BRepMesh_EdgeTessellationExtractor*). Otherwise, a new tessellation algorithm is created and used to generate the initial polygon (see *BRepMesh_CurveTessellator*) and the edge is marked as outdated. In addition, the model edge is updated by deflection as well as recomputed same range, same parameter and degeneracy parameters. See *BRepMesh_EdgeDiscret* for implementation details.
+
+<i>IMeshData</i> unit defines interface *IMeshData_ParametersListArrayAdaptor*, which is intended to adapt arbitrary data structures to the *NCollection_Array1* container API. This solution is made to use both *NCollection_Array1* and *IMeshData_Curve* as the source for *BRepMesh_EdgeParameterProvider* tool intended to generate a consistent parametrization taking into account the same parameter property.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_6 Heal discrete model
+In general, this stage represents a set of operations performed on the entire discrete model in order to resolve inconsistencies due to the problems caused by design, translation or rough discretization. A different sequence of operations can be performed depending on the target triangulation algorithm, e.g. there are different approaches to process self-intersections – either to amplify edges discretization by decreasing the target precision or to split links at the intersection points. At this stage the whole set of edges is considered in aggregate and their adjacency is taken into account. A default implementation of the model healer is given in *BRepMesh_ModelHealer* which performs the following actions:
+ * Iterates over model faces and checks their wires for consistency, i.e. whether the wires are closed and do not contain self-intersections. The data structures are designed free of collisions, thus it is possible to run processing in a parallel mode;
+ * Forcibly connects the ends of adjacent edges in the parametric space, closing gaps between possible disconnected parts. The aim of this operation is to create a correct discrete model defined relatively to the parametric space of the target face taking into account connectivity and tolerances of 3D space only. This means that no specific computations are made to determine U and V tolerance;
+ * Registers intersections on edges forming the face shape. Two solutions are possible in order to resolve self-intersection:
+ * Decrease deflection of a particular edge and update its discrete model. After that the workflow "intersection check – amplification" is repeated up to 5 times. As the result, target edges contain a finer tessellation and meshing continues or the face is marked by *IMeshData_SelfIntersectingWire* status and refused from further processing;
+ * Split target edges by intersection point and synchronize the updated polygon with curve and remaining pcurves associated to each edge. This operation presents a more robust solution comparing to the amplification procedure with a guaranteed result, but it is more difficult for implementation from the point of view of synchronization functionality.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_7 Preprocess discrete model
+This stage implements actions to be performed before meshing of faces. Depending on target goals it can be changed or omitted. By default, *BRepMesh_ModelPreProcessor* implements the functionality checking topological faces for consistency of existing triangulation, i.e.: consistency with the target deflection parameter; indices of nodes referenced by triangles do not exceed the number of nodes stored in a triangulation. If the face fails some checks, it is cleaned from triangulation and its adjacent edges are cleaned from existing polygons. This does not affect a discrete model and does not require any recomputation as the model keeps tessellations for the whole set of edges despite consistency of their polygons.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_8 Discretize faces
+Discretization of faces is the general part of meshing algorithm. At this stage edges tessellation data obtained and processed on previous steps is used to form contours of target faces and passed as input to the triangulation algorithm. Default implementation is provided by *BRepMesh_FaceDiscret* class which represents a starter for triangulation algorithm. It iterates over faces available in the data model, creates an instance of the triangulation algorithm according to the type of surface associated with each face via *IMeshTools_MeshAlgoFactory* and executes it. Each face is processed separately, thus it is possible to process faces in a parallel mode. The class diagram of face discretization is given in the figure below.
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_mesh_004.svg,"Class diagram of face discrete stage",300}
+
+In general, face meshing algorithms have the following structure:
+ * *BRepMesh_BaseMeshAlgo* implements *IMeshTools_MeshAlgo* interface and the base functionality for inherited algorithms. The main goal of this class is to initialize an instance of *BRepMesh_DataStructureOfDelaun* as well as auxiliary data structures suitable for nested algorithms using face model data passed as input parameter. Despite implementation of triangulation algorithm this structure is currently supposed as common for OCCT. However, the user is free to implement a custom algorithm and supporting data structure accessible via *IMeshTools_MeshAlgo* interface, e.g. to connect a 3-rd party meshing tool that does not support *TopoDS_Shape* out of box. For this, such structure provides the possibility to distribute connectors to various algorithms in the form of plugins;
+ * *BRepMesh_DelaunayBaseMeshAlgo* and *BRepMesh_SweepLineMeshAlgo* classes implement core meshing functionality operating directly on an instance of *BRepMesh_DataStructureOfDelaun*. The algorithms represent mesh generation tools adding new points from the data structure to the final mesh;
+ * *BRepMesh_NodeInsertionMeshAlgo* class represents a wrapper intended to extend the algorithm inherited from *BRepMesh_BaseMeshAlgo* to enable the functionality generating surface nodes and inserting them into the structure. On this level, an instance of the classification tool is created and can be used to accept-reject internal nodes. In addition, computations necessary for scaling UV coordinates of points relatively to the range specified for the corresponding direction are performed. As far as both triangulation algorithms work on static data provided by the structure, new nodes are added at the initialization stage. Surface nodes are generated by an auxiliary tool called range splitter and passed as template parameter (see Range splitter);
+ * Classes *BRepMesh_DelaunayNodeInsertionMeshAlgo* and *BRepMesh_SweepLineNodeInsertionMeshAlgo* implement algorithm-specific functionality related to addition of internal nodes supplementing functionality provided by *BRepMesh_NodeInsertionMeshAlgo*;
+ * *BRepMesh_DelaunayDeflectionControlMeshAlgo* extends functionality of *BRepMesh_DelaunayNodeInsertionMeshAlgo* by additional procedure controlling deflection of generated triangles.
+
+#### Range splitter
+Range splitter tools provide functionality to generate internal surface nodes defined within the range computed using discrete model data. The base functionality is provided by *BRepMesh_DefaultRangeSplitter* which can be used without modifications in case of planar surface. The default splitter does not generate any internal node.
+
+*BRepMesh_ConeRangeSplitter*, *BRepMesh_CylinderRangeSplitter* and *BRepMesh_SphereRangeSplitter* are specializations of the default splitter intended for quick generation of internal nodes for the corresponding type of analytical surface.
+
+*BRepMesh_UVParamRangeSplitter* implements base functionality taking discretization points of face border into account for node generation. Its successors BRepMesh_TorusRangeSplitter and *BRepMesh_NURBSRangeSplitter* extend the base functionality for toroidal and NURBS surfaces correspondingly.
+
+@subsubsection occt_modalg_11_3_9 Postprocess discrete model
+This stage implements actions to be performed after meshing of faces. Depending on target goals it can be changed or omitted. By default, *BRepMesh_ModelPostProcessor* commits polygonal data stored in the data model to *TopoDS_Edge*.
+
+
+@section occt_modalg_defeaturing 3D Model Defeaturing
+
+The Open CASCADE Technology Defeaturing algorithm is intended for removal of the unwanted parts or features from the model. These parts can be holes, protrusions, gaps, chamfers, fillets, etc.
+
+Feature detection is not performed, and all features to be removed should be defined by the user. The input shape is not modified during Defeaturing, the new shape is built in the result.
+
+On the API level the Defeaturing algorithm is implemented in the *BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing* class. At input the algorithm accepts the shape to remove the features from and the features (one or many) to be removed from the shape.
+Currently, the input shape should be either SOLID, or COMPSOLID, or COMPOUND of SOLIDs.
+The features to be removed are defined by the sets of faces forming them. It does not matter how the feature faces are given: as separate faces or their collections. The faces should belong to the initial shape, else they are ignored.
+
+The actual features removal is performed by the low-level *BOPAlgo_RemoveFeatures* algorithm. On the API level, all inputs are passed into the tool and the method *BOPAlgo_RemoveFeatures::Perform()* is called.
+
+Before removing features, all faces to be removed from the shape are sorted into connected blocks - each block represents a single feature to be removed.
+The features are removed from the shape one by one, which allows removing all possible features even if there are some problems with their removal (e.g. due to incorrect input data).
+
+The removed feature is filled by the extension of the faces adjacent to it. In general, the algorithm removing a single feature from the shape goes as follows:
+* Find the faces adjacent to the feature;
+* Extend the adjacent faces to cover the feature;
+* Trim the extended faces by the bounds of the original face (except for the bounds common with the feature), so that they cover the feature only;
+* Rebuild the solids with reconstructed adjacent faces avoiding the feature faces.
+
+If the single feature removal was successful, the result shape is overwritten with the new shape, otherwise the results are not kept, and the warning is given.
+Either way the process continues with the next feature.
+
+The Defeaturing algorithm has the following options:
+* History support;
+
+and the options available from base class (*BOPAlgo_Options*):
+* Error/Warning reporting system;
+* Parallel processing mode.
+
+Note that the other options of the base class are not supported here and will have no effect.
+
+<b>History support</b> allows tracking modification of the input shape in terms of Modified, IsDeleted and Generated. By default, the history is collected, but it is possible to disable it using the method *SetToFillHistory(false)*.
+On the low-level the history information is collected by the history tool *BRepTools_History*, which can be accessed through the method *BOPAlgo_RemoveFeatures::History()*.
+
+<b>Error/Warning reporting system</b> allows obtaining the extended overview of the Errors/Warnings occurred during the operation. As soon as any error appears, the algorithm stops working. The warnings allow continuing the job and informing the user that something went wrong. The algorithm returns the following errors/warnings:
+* *BOPAlgo_AlertUnsupportedType* - the alert will be given as an error if the input shape does not contain any solids, and as a warning if the input shape contains not only solids, but also other shapes;
+* *BOPAlgo_AlertNoFacesToRemove* - the error alert is given in case there are no faces to remove from the shape (nothing to do);
+* *BOPAlgo_AlertUnableToRemoveTheFeature* - the warning alert is given to inform the user the removal of the feature is not possible. The algorithm will still try to remove the other features;
+* *BOPAlgo_AlertRemoveFeaturesFailed* - the error alert is given in case if the operation was aborted by the unknown reason.
+
+For more information on the error/warning reporting system, see the chapter @ref occt_algorithms_ers "Errors and warnings reporting system" of Boolean operations user guide.
+
+<b>Parallel processing mode</b> - allows running the algorithm in parallel mode obtaining the result faster.
+
+The algorithm has certain limitations:
+* Intersection of the surfaces of the connected faces adjacent to the feature should not be empty. It means, that such faces should not be tangent to each other.
+If the intersection of the adjacent faces will be empty, the algorithm will be unable to trim the faces correctly and, most likely, the feature will not be removed.
+* The algorithm does not process the INTERNAL parts of the solids, they are simply removed during reconstruction.
+
+Note, that for successful removal of the feature, the extended faces adjacent to the feature should cover the feature completely, otherwise the solids will not be rebuild.
+Take a look at the simple shape on the image below:
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im001.png,"",220}
+
+Removal of all three faces of the gap is not going to work, because there will be no face to fill the transverse part of the step.
+Although, removal of only two faces, keeping one of the transverse faces, will fill the gap with the kept face:
+<table align="center">
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im002.png,"Keeping the right transverse face",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im003.png,"Keeping the left transverse face",220}</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_defeaturing_usage Usage
+
+Here is the example of usage of the *BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing* algorithm on the C++ level:
+~~~~
+TopoDS_Shape aSolid = ...; // Input shape to remove the features from
+TopTools_ListOfShape aFeatures = ...; // Features to remove from the shape
+Standard_Boolean bRunParallel = ...; // Parallel processing mode
+Standard_Boolean isHistoryNeeded = ...; // History support
+
+BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing aDF; // Defeaturing algorithm
+aDF.SetShape(aSolid); // Set the shape
+aDF.AddFacesToRemove(aFaces); // Add faces to remove
+aDF.SetRunParallel(bRunParallel); // Define the processing mode (parallel or single)
+aDF.SetToFillHistory(isHistoryNeeded); // Define whether to track the shapes modifications
+aDF.Build(); // Perform the operation
+if (!aDF.IsDone()) // Check for the errors
+{
+ // error treatment
+ Standard_SStream aSStream;
+ aDF.DumpErrors(aSStream);
+ return;
+}
+if (aDF.HasWarnings()) // Check for the warnings
+{
+ // warnings treatment
+ Standard_SStream aSStream;
+ aDF.DumpWarnings(aSStream);
+}
+const TopoDS_Shape& aResult = aDF.Shape(); // Result shape
+~~~~
+
+Use the API history methods to track the history of a shape:
+~~~~
+// Obtain modification of the shape
+const TopTools_ListOfShape& BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing::Modified(const TopoDS_Shape& theS);
+
+// Obtain shapes generated from the shape
+const TopTools_ListOfShape& BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing::Generated(const TopoDS_Shape& theS);
+
+// Check if the shape is removed or not
+Standard_Boolean BRepAlgoAPI_Defeaturing::IsDeleted(const TopoDS_Shape& theS);
+~~~~
+
+The command <b>removefeatures</b> allows using the Defeaturing algorithm on the Draw level.
+
+The @ref occt_draw_hist "standard history commands" can be used to track the history of shape modification during Defeaturing.
+
+For more details on commands above, refer to the @ref occt_draw_defeaturing "Defeaturing commands" of the Draw test harness user guide.
+
+@subsection occt_modalg_defeaturing_examples Examples
+
+Here are the examples of defeaturing of the ANC101 model:
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im004.png,"ANC101 model",220}</td>
+
+<table align="center">
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im005.png,"Removing the cylindrical protrusion",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im006.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im007.png,"Removing the cylindrical holes",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im008.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im009.png,"Removing the cylindrical holes",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im010.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im011.png,"Removing the small gaps in the front",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im012.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im013.png,"Removing the gaps in the front completely",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im014.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im015.png,"Removing the cylindrical protrusion",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im016.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+Here are the few examples of defeaturing of the model containing boxes with blends:
+
+@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im017.png,"Box blend model",220}</td>
+
+<table align="center">
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im018.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im019.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im020.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im021.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im022.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im023.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im024.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im025.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im026.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im027.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im028.png,"Removing the blend",220}</td>
+ <td>@figure{/user_guides/modeling_algos/images/modeling_algos_rf_im029.png,"Result",220}</td></td>
+</tr>
+</table>